STUDresearch · Non-peptide

Tesofensine

Also known as

NS2330 · NS-2330 · NS 2330 · Tesofensine hydrochloride · Tesofensine HCl · Tesofensine citrate (research-salt discussions) · phenyltropane triple reuptake inhibitor (class talk)

Community talk. May be wrong. Not medical advice. Not a protocol. Not for human or animal use.

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Non-peptide Some talk Systemic Oral Metabolic research compounds

Systemic — an oral monoamine reuptake inhibitor discussed for appetite, food reward and energy balance; not a local or site-specific injection.

Tap a line to jump into the full notes. Research only — may be wrong.

Timing context & sources

Half-life in the body

About 220 hours, or roughly 9 days, for parent tesofensine in humans.

A Saniona clinical protocol summarizes human PK as a roughly 220-hour parent half-life and a roughly 374-hour N-desmethyl metabolite half-life; oral exposure and population details are not a felt-effect clock.

The protocol summarizes prior program data rather than reproducing every underlying concentration-time curve; renal impairment can alter exposure and the metabolite is a separate analyte.

  • Saniona Tesomet clinical study protocol NCT03286829 (opens in a new tab)Protocol page 18, lines 549–568 in the inspected text: approximately 220-hour tesofensine human half-life, 374-hour NS2360 half-life, human population comparisons, oral bioavailability and food context. Full PDF text inspected.Sponsor protocol summarizing earlier PK evidence; it is not the primary publication of every underlying PK study and does not measure subjective appetite or sleep duration.

Felt duration people report

No dependable felt-duration range; even sleep effects in the same discussion were severe, fragmented or described as improved.

One 500 mcg poster described two 48-hour wake periods while feeling clear. A reply described repeated waking and no longer using it on consecutive days, while another reported a helpful sleep-cycle reset.

Small, self-selected reports with unknown product identity and no verified follow-up; 48 hours of wakefulness is one event pattern, not a parent half-life or typical duration.

  • Lack of need for sleep (opens in a new tab)Read the complete visible post and replies: prince-sword reported 500 mcg since Wednesday and two 48-hour wake periods; mayorjinglejangle reported repeated waking and avoiding consecutive days; bbnov25 reported improved sleep-cycle timing.Three unverified self-reports, no product verification, clinical assessment or visible same-author outcome update; the report cannot establish incidence, safety or a typical effect window.

What people say 21

  • Appetite / food noise: Community and clinic blogs report smaller meals, fewer snacks, quieter compulsive snacking within days–weeks; confounded by diet coaching. forumanecdote
  • Cravings / reward: Dopamine-arm story used to explain less “reward eating”; anecdotes of easier deficit adherence. forumanecdote
  • Oral convenience: Once-daily tablet/capsule with no multi-week inject titration is a major search driver vs semaglutide/tirzepatide. forum
  • Focus / mood lift (subset): Anecdotes of “dialed in,” motivation, or mild antidepressant-like feel — not a labeled indication; opposite mood AEs also appear at higher doses in trials. anecdotetrial
  • Vs older orals only: Threads that claim “beats all fat pills” usually mean 2008-era comparators, not head-to-head STEP/SURMOUNT GLP-1 data. forum
  • Stack confound honesty: Real-world logs often co-credit calorie deficit, GLP-1s, caffeine, cardarine, or other fat-loss agents. forum
  • 2026 r/Tesofensine_ diaries: 0.25 mg for a few days then 0.5 mg is the usual climb. Appetite quiet and dry mouth show up fast; energy/HRV stories split (some Oura HRV up, some RHR +10). forumanecdote
  • GLP-1 “still hungry / flat” add-on: 2025–26 biohacker posts pitch teso for residual food noise and energy when tirz/reta already quiet the gut. No combo RCT; HR + stim load is the counter. forum
  • TIPO-1 24-wk mean weight loss (diet + drug): 0.25 / 0.5 / 1.0 mg once daily → ~4.5% / 9.2% / 10.6% vs ~2.0% diet + placebo (p<0.0001); absolute means often cited ~6.7 / 11.3 / 12.8 kg vs ~2.2 kg placebo in ~100 kg baseline obese adults. trial
  • Placebo-subtracted framing: Community and secondary writeups often quote ~2.5% / 7.2% / 8.6% placebo-subtracted at 0.25 / 0.5 / 1.0 mg — same trial, different presentation. trialforum
  • 0.5 mg sweet spot (trial authors): Interpreted as efficacy close to 1.0 mg with better tolerability; Phase 3 programs dropped 1.0 mg and studied 0.25 / 0.5 mg only. trial
  • Era comparison (2008): Authors framed 0.5 mg as potential for roughly twice the weight loss of then-approved orals (sibutramine/rimonabant era) — not a head-to-head vs modern GLP-1 Phase 3 packages. trial
  • Energy expenditure narrative: Acts primarily as appetite suppressant with concurrent talk of higher resting EE / fat oxidation; DIO-rat pair-fed controls returned toward baseline weight while tesofensine held loss — interpreted as possible EE contribution. trialanimal
  • Animal DIO (Hansen et al. 2010): Oral 1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg × 28 days → ~5.7% and ~9.9% sustained weight loss; hypophagia longer-lasting than sibutramine/rimonabant comparators; improved OGTT insulin response vs pair-feeding alone in that model. animal
  • Lateral hypothalamus (2024 preclinical): Reports of GABAergic neuron silencing in LH / feeding circuitry — modern mechanism talk beyond simple “reuptake block.” animal
  • Early neuro meta-signal: In Alzheimer’s/Parkinson’s programs, meta-analysis of 0.125–1.0 mg once daily showed dose-dependent weight loss; ~32% of obese subjects on highest dose achieved ≥5% loss by ~14 weeks. trial
  • TIPO-4 extension (open-label): After ~3-month washout, prior TIPO-1 completers on 0.5 mg (optional early uptitration to 1.0 mg then back to 0.5) — prior 0.5 mg arm cited for total mean loss ~13–14 kg over ~48 weeks of treatment exposure; prior placebo switchers ~9 kg in first 24 weeks of extension. trial
  • Phase 3 (Medix, Mexico): ~372-patient program at 0.25 and 0.5 mg daily × 24 weeks; sponsor/partner summaries claim confirmation of Phase 2 efficacy pattern with ~10% mean weight loss talk at the higher dose and favorable safety framing vs Phase 2 — full peer-reviewed primary paper details less widely mirrored in English forums than TIPO-1. trialforum
  • Regulatory path (Mexico): Medix NDA to COFEPRIS; February 2023 technical-committee favorable opinion reported by Saniona for obesity/weight management — not a US FDA approval. trial
  • Lean-mass talk: Trial framing and some DEXA-ish community logs claim favorable fat-vs-lean ratio for the size of loss; individual body-comp logs still vary and are stack-confounded. trialforum
  • Body composition (trial framing): Decreases in body fat and waist circumference reported alongside weight; modest lipid improvements discussed in summaries. trial

Doses people talk about 18

  • Modal community target: ~0.5 mg (500 mcg) once daily is the most repeated practical target — matches the efficacy/tolerability “sweet spot” language from TIPO-1. forumtrial
  • Start / low band: 0.25 mg (250 mcg) once daily for 1–4 weeks to gauge dry mouth, sleep, resting HR, and mood before any step-up. forum
  • Upper caution: 1.0 mg trial arm had more AEs (including BP signal and more depressed-mood reports); many research-chem and clinic writeups actively discourage casually matching 1.0 mg. trialforum
  • Microgram language: Same doses spoken as 250 / 500 / 1000 mcg — unit confusion with other research chems is a real QC risk when buying powder. forum
  • EOD / skip-day start (anecdote): Because t½ is multi-day, some users start every other day or alternate 0.25 mg patterns to feel accumulation before daily 0.5 mg — not a trial schedule. anecdoteforum
  • Timing: Morning (or early day) preferred almost universally to cut insomnia risk; with or without food in trial-style talk. forumtrial
  • Missed dose logic (community): Do not double next day — long half-life already covers gaps better than short-acting stims. forum
  • Vendor formats discussed: Finished 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg capsules/tablets most common; research powder (requires µg-accurate scale) and minority research liquids/droppers also appear — identity and content uniformity are the main risks. forum
  • Potency uncertainty: Gray-market labels may not match delivered mcg/mg without independent testing; unexpected sides or nulls often blamed on under/over-fill. forum
  • 2026 community protocol still 0.25 → 0.5: Start 0.25 mg daily 1–2 (sometimes 2–4) weeks, then 0.5 mg. 1.0 mg stays the “more HR/mood, not much more loss” arm people are told not to chase. forumtrial
  • Do not double a missed day: Long t½ already covers gaps. Doubling is how people meet the 1.0 mg AE profile by accident. forum
  • Titration pattern (community): Hold 0.25 mg for ~2–4 weeks → step to 0.5 mg if tolerated; long half-life means do not judge a step change after only a few days. forum
  • Framing: Research exposures, trial arms, and community-discussed ranges only — not medical advice, not prescriptions, not a recommendation to consume. forumtrial
  • TIPO-1 trial arms: 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, and 1.0 mg oral once daily for 24 weeks plus energy-restricted diet (often described as ~300 kcal deficit + activity coaching). trial
  • Phase 3 (Medix) arms: 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg oral once daily (1.0 mg not carried forward). trial
  • Early program band: Neuro programs also explored ~0.125–1.0 mg once daily oral in meta-analyzed weight-loss signals. trial
  • Tesomet fixed combo (related clinical form): Tesofensine 0.5 mg + metoprolol 50 mg once daily in hypothalamic-obesity Phase 2 work — separate product intent (HR mitigation), not plain tesofensine. trial
  • Animal doses (not human): DIO rat oral ~1.0–2.5 mg/kg/day in 28-day work — do not scale naively to human capsule mg. animal

How it may feel 10

  • First days (sensitive users): Reports include early appetite quieting, dry mouth or a wired/focusy feel. In one 500 mcg account, the poster stayed awake for two 48-hour stretches while feeling clear and not tired; one reply described repeated waking and avoiding consecutive days, while another said sleep timing improved. forumanecdote
  • Days 1–7: Appetite drop + xerostomia often lead the subjective list; HR awareness and sleep quality become early checkpoints. forumtrial
  • Weeks 1–2: Steadier hunger control and fewer snack thoughts; deficit adherence reportedly easier if diet structure is already present. forum
  • Weeks 3–6: Long half-life build — many call this the window when “full effect” emerges; weight trend and resting HR are better judges than day-1 feel. forum
  • Steady-state talk: Forums and dosing guides often say 4–6 weeks (sometimes ~8 weeks / ~2 months) of daily dosing before plasma levels fully stabilize given ~9-day parent half-life. forumtrial
  • Weeks 8–12: Progressive loss if calories stay controlled; plateaus more often blamed on diet creep / NEAT drop than “need 1 mg.” forum
  • Build-then-flat (2026): Perimenopause and r/Tesofensine_ logs describe a few good weeks at 0.5 mg then tired/flat, then a couple days off because the ~9-day half-life is still covering. Not a trial schedule. forumanecdote
  • Dry mouth week 1–3: Still the loudest feel. Water, gum, chapped-lips posts. forum
  • Months 3–6: Matches the 24-week TIPO-1 horizon communities use as the primary reference block. trial
  • Extension horizon: Multi-month / ~48-week open-label TIPO-4 continuity is cited when people discuss staying on longer than 24 weeks. trial

Around the dose 6

  • Clock: Morning or early-day use dominates discussion because insomnia can be pronounced, but experiences vary: one reviewed 500 mcg account described two 48-hour wake periods, one reply reported fragmented sleep, and another said sleep timing improved. These reports do not establish a universal clock. forum
  • Food: With or without. Food if the first-week nausea shows; no GH-peptide fasting rule. forum
  • Training: Watch heart rate on cardio. Trial +7.4 bpm at 0.5 mg is the number people put next to a chest strap. trialforum
  • After: Water and sugar-free gum for dry mouth. Do not judge a dose step after two days — steady state is weeks. forumtrial
  • Skip-day folklore: Because t½ is ~9 days, some take a couple days off when they feel flat rather than dropping the mg. Irregular intake makes AE attribution harder. forum
  • Avoid: Extra caffeine/yohimbine piles, late dosing, and jumping 0.25 → 1.0 because “it’s not working yet.” forum

Cycles people discuss 9

  • No evidence-based “blast/cruise” cycle: Dosing guides emphasize there is no established on–off sports-style protocol; continuous exposure is what was studied. forumtrial
  • Short community blocks: 8–12 week oral runs for cut phases, product tests, or tolerance probes are common outside trials. forum
  • Medium community blocks: ~16–24 weeks to roughly match the primary RCT horizon before reassessing. forum
  • Longer talk: Multi-month stays with BP/HR/mood self-monitoring; not approved chronic labeling in the US. forum
  • Washout between runs: Half-life ~days → plan multi-week off (forums often ~4–8+ weeks) rather than a same-week reset; TIPO-4 re-enrollment averaged ~3 months off after TIPO-1. trialforum
  • Re-runs: Seasonal fat-loss reuse appears in logs; multi-year continuous gray-market safety data are not established. forum
  • Stop rules (community heuristics): Persistent insomnia, resting HR climb that feels excessive, BP rise, anxiety/depression, or null weight trend despite verified diet — pause and reassess rather than dose-up. forum
  • Trial pattern = continuous daily: TIPO-1 dosed once daily for 24 weeks without on/off cycling; Phase 3 similarly continuous 24-week treatment. trial
  • TIPO-4 continuity: Open-label extension after washout supports multi-month continuous exposure discussion (interim ~24-week extension data on top of prior TIPO-1). trial

Timing 11

  • Steady state: Slow build over weeks of daily dosing; full response and full side-effect profile should not be judged after a handful of doses. forumtrial
  • Why EOD debates exist: Some argue multi-day coverage means skip-days still leave active levels; others warn irregular intake makes AE attribution and steady-state math harder. forum
  • CYP3A4 interaction awareness: Strong inhibitors/inducers could theoretically alter levels; community flags this as a research caution, not a mapped interaction table for every drug. forumtrial
  • After levels fall: Appetite return over weeks; some claim residual habit/skill from the quiet-appetite window. anecdote
  • Washout estimate: Forums often treat multi-week (sometimes ~1–2 months) clearance for practical “off” planning — informal, not personal therapeutic drug monitoring. forum
  • Downstream feel lag: Weight-trend changes track cumulative deficit + weeks of exposure more than single-dose peaks. forum
  • Parent elimination half-life: ~220 hours (~9 days) — central PK fact that drives almost all dosing culture. trial
  • Oral bioavailability: ~90% cited for the oral small molecule — supports capsule route dominance. trial
  • Metabolite M1 (NS2360): Formed mainly via CYP3A4 N-dealkylation; only metabolite readily detected in human plasma; t½ ~374 hours (~16 days); exposure ~31–34% of parent at steady state; in vivo contribution estimated ~6% of parent activity. trial
  • Renal role: Kidney clearance of parent is minor (~15–20%); hepatic CYP3A4 is the main metabolic path discussed. trial
  • Dosing logic vs half-life: Still once-daily oral in all major trials — not weekly depot — despite multi-day half-life (daily dosing builds and holds steady state). trial

More on what it is 9

  • Not: Not a GLP-1/GIP/glucagon incretin, not a peptide (despite “peptide vendor” shelves and mislabeling), not classic ephedrine/clen fat-burner, not sibutramine (historical monoamine neighbor), not current standard-of-care Rx in the US. trialforum
  • Research lens: Gray-market mg claims are unverified until identity/potency are matched to trial tablet exposures and diet context; long half-life means side effects and levels accumulate slowly and clear slowly. forum
  • Not a peptide: Phenyltropane TRI in a capsule. 2026 shops still file it next to vials; BioFlow-style blends (teso + magnesium L-threonate + taurine) are the vendor “sides cover” SKU, not a trial tablet. forum
  • Morning-only culture: 2026 r/Biohackers timing threads treat evening dosing as a sleep crater because of the NE/DA arm. Food is optional; clock is not. forum
  • What it is: Oral phenyltropane-family serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor / TRI); development code NS2330; investigational obesity drug, not FDA-approved in the US as of 2026 community status summaries. trial
  • Origin story: Developed by NeuroSearch (Denmark) for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s; limited neuro efficacy, but weight loss kept showing up as an AE in overweight subjects → repurposed for obesity. Rights later at Saniona; Mexico partner Medix ran Phase 3. trial
  • Mechanism (popular): Blocks reuptake of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin → less hunger, quieter food reward, and (in animal/early human talk) a modest lift in resting energy expenditure / fat oxidation. trialanimal
  • Transporter selectivity (published IC50 talk): Revised figures often cited as NET ~1.7 nM, SERT ~11 nM, DAT ~65 nM (NET-leaning vs older equal-potency tables); used to explain weak Parkinson efficacy and lower classic stimulant-abuse narrative vs pure DAT agents. trial
  • Evidence anchors: Main human RCT is the 24-week TIPO-1 Phase 2b obesity trial (Astrup et al., Lancet 2008; NCT00394667); open-label TIPO-4 extension; Medix Mexico Phase 3 (0.25/0.5 mg); animal DIO comparisons to sibutramine/rimonabant. trialanimal

Stacks 13

  • Diet first: Structured calorie deficit + protein + steps/cardio is credited whenever community outcomes look trial-like; TIPO-1 co-prescribed energy restriction. trialforum
  • GLP-1 / dual / triple agonists: Semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide — sequential or overlapping use is heavily discussed: teso for central food-noise, GLP-1 for peripheral satiety/gastric emptying. No controlled synergy RCTs; additive nausea/HR/sleep risk is the counter-argument. forum
  • Sema fatigue rescue narrative: Anecdotes of adding low-dose teso when GLP-1 fatigue or residual hunger remains — confounded and unsupervised in research-chem contexts. anecdote
  • Caffeine / classic stims: Occasional co-use for training energy; watch cumulative HR, BP, and insomnia (monoamine + stim stack). forum
  • Cardarine / endurance orals: Named together in athletic cut stacks — attribution heavily confounded; different risk classes (PPARδ cancer lore vs monoamine CV lore). forum
  • 5-Amino-1MQ / NNMT orals: Appears in multi-agent “metabolic stack” blogs with teso as the appetite lever. forum
  • Other research orals: Occasional mention with AOD-9604, Frag 176-191, or SARM cut agents — multi-variable logs. forumanecdote
  • DIY beta-blocker talk: Forums sometimes echo Tesomet’s rationale; self-combining cardiovascular drugs is a high-risk research-chem behavior and is not trial-supported for unsupervised use. forum
  • Monitoring “stack”: Resting HR (watch/strap), home BP cuff, sleep log, and mood check-ins are repeatedly framed as more important than adding more compounds. forum
  • Avoid pile-on monoamines: Historical caution vs stacking with sibutramine-class agents, high-dose SNRIs/stimulants, or other TRIs without understanding additive CV/neuropsychiatric load. forumtrial
  • BioFlow-style blend talk: Vendor SKUs pair tesofensine with magnesium L-threonate and taurine and pitch taurine for HR/jitters. That is a shop recipe, not Tesomet (teso + metoprolol). forum
  • Taurine / mag as “sides cover”: 2026 Jay-shop copy says the blend is for people who felt solo teso. Uncontrolled. forum
  • Tesomet logic (formal): Fixed tesofensine 0.5 mg + metoprolol 50 mg studied to blunt HR/BP signal while keeping weight-loss efficacy in special populations (e.g., hypothalamic obesity Phase 2: additional ~−6.3% vs placebo at 24 weeks without mean HR/BP rise in that small trial). trial

Access talk 5

  • RUO capsules, not a peptide vial: 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg oral units dominate. Powder needs a µg-accurate scale — unit mix-ups with other research chems are a QC risk. forum
  • BioFlow / blend SKUs: 2025–26 shops stopped some solo teso bottles and sold tesofensine + magnesium L-threonate + taurine as the “sides” product. Still RUO, still not Tesomet. forum
  • Mis-shelved as a peptide: Vendor SEO puts it next to GLP vials. Chemistry is a small-molecule reuptake inhibitor. forum
  • Not US-approved: Investigational obesity TRI. Mexico Medix/COFEPRIS path and a 2023 technical-committee opinion are the regulatory story, not an FDA label. trial
  • Tesomet is a different product: 0.5 mg tesofensine + 50 mg metoprolol in hypothalamic-obesity trials. DIY beta-blocker stacking is not that study. trial

Labs people mention 4

  • Resting heart rate is the lab people actually use: TIPO-1 mean ~+7.4 bpm at 0.5 mg. Watch/strap logs; community stop-talk when RHR stays high (threads cite ~90 bpm or +10–15 over baseline — heuristics, not a label). trialforum
  • Mood / sleep diary: Psychiatric AEs clustered at 1.0 mg in a pre-screened trial population. Real-world mood watch is the other half of HR. trialforum
  • Not a lipid-first drug: Scale + appetite + RHR beat a cholesterol panel for what this compound is discussed as. forum
  • Blood pressure: Did not rise vs placebo at 0.25/0.5 mg in TIPO-1; it did at 1.0 mg. Home cuff still shows up in cautious logs. trial

Storage notes 2

  • No mix instructions here: STUDresearch does not list reconstitution, diluent volumes, or syringe unit charts. People reconstitute many different ways and vial labels differ — that content creates more confusion than clarity. forum
  • Storage (general talk only): Unopened research products are usually kept cool, dry, and away from light per the seller label. Anything after first use is product-specific — follow the label, not a universal forum SOP. forum

Watch for 20

  • Insomnia: Trial + user reports; clearly worse with later-day dosing; morning-only schedules dominate mitigation talk. trialforum
  • CV class history: Sibutramine-era cardiovascular withdrawals and regulator caution are repeatedly invoked; US/EU advancement has been limited by CV-outcomes expectations beyond Phase 2/3 weight loss. trialforum
  • Psychiatric / mood: Depressed mood reported in ~6.1% on highest (1.0 mg) dose vs 0% placebo in TIPO-1 analyses — in a population pre-screened against known psychiatric disorders; anxiety, restlessness, and wired-but-tired appear in community logs. trialforum
  • Overstimulation: Minority but recurring: jitter, elevated resting HR feel, difficulty winding down. forum
  • Long half-life risk: If an AE appears, it may persist or accumulate for days–weeks after dose reduction — unlike short-acting stims that clear overnight. forumtrial
  • Withdrawal / rebound appetite: Not classic benzo-style withdrawal lore; main post-stop issue is return of hunger and possible weight regain. forum
  • Source / gray-market risk: Mislabeling, under/over-potent tablets, contaminants, and “tesofensine peptide” marketing independent of trial-grade material. forum
  • Drug-interaction caution: CYP3A4 path + monoamine mechanism → community flags combining with MAOIs, other strong serotonergic/stimulant stacks, or unmonitored polypharmacy. forumtrial
  • Special populations: Not characterized as pediatric therapy; pregnancy and complex cardiac disease are common absolute research-only red flags in clinic writeups. forumtrial
  • Not risk-free: Appetite and scale wins coexist with dry mouth, sleep, HR, and mood cautions; one clean 8-week log ≠ long-term cardiovascular or psychiatric safety. forumtrial
  • Long t½ trap: If insomnia, HR, or mood go bad, they can linger days–weeks after a cut. 2026 skip-day logs exist because of that lag. forumtrial
  • GLP stack HR: Adding teso to tirz/reta for energy can stack pulse and sleep loss on top of GLP fatigue — the 2026 “smart fat burner” pitch does not have a combo safety file. forum
  • Dry mouth (xerostomia): Top trial AE and most common community complaint; dose-dependent pattern noted in summaries (placebo-subtracted rates reported in ranges up to high tens of percent at higher doses). trial
  • GI: Nausea, constipation, hard stools, and diarrhoea all listed among common TIPO-1 AEs. trial
  • Headache: Frequently listed among common AEs in secondary trial summaries. trial
  • Heart rate: Mean ~+7.4 bpm at 0.5 mg vs placebo at 24 weeks in TIPO-1 (p=0.0001); ~+8 bpm class talk at 1.0 mg in secondary sources — primary cardiovascular discussion point. trial
  • Blood pressure: No significant SBP/DBP increase vs placebo at 0.25 and 0.5 mg in TIPO-1; BP rose at 1.0 mg — major reason 1.0 mg was de-emphasized. Secondary sources also note small diastolic/BP shifts in dose-dependent patterns across the program. trial
  • Abuse-liability discussion: DAT activity raises theoretical stimulant-abuse questions; published commentary notes less reliable self-administration/stereotypy than classic DA appetite suppressants at therapeutic exposures — still a research caution, not a green light. trial
  • Evidence honesty: Stronger human RCT package than most research chems (Phase 2b + extension + regional Phase 3), but still not a substitute for large outcomes trials or US-approved labeling; cross-trial GLP-1 comparisons are confounded by duration, population, and co-interventions. trial
  • 1.0 mg is the AE arm: BP rise and more depressed-mood reports in TIPO-1 are why Phase 3 and forum charts dropped it. trial

Updated: 2026-09-01

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