2 Chronicles 28:22–27, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
2 Chronicles 28:22–27
Ahaz multiplies worship and closes the temple
Distress becomes a reason to copy Damascus
In the time of his distress he trespasses yet more against the LORD: this is that king Ahaz. He sacrifices unto the gods of Damascus which smote him, saying, Because the gods of the kings of Syria help them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel.
Trespassed yet more marks intensified covenant violation. It does not claim that suffering automatically makes people worse. Ahaz reads his beating as a lesson in which gods work, and the narrator calls that reading ruin.
He cuts the vessels, shuts the doors, and dies outside the royal tombs
Ahaz gathers the vessels of the house of God, cuts them in pieces, shuts up the doors of the house of the LORD, and makes altars in every corner of Jerusalem. In every several city of Judah he makes high places to burn incense unto other gods. The rest of his acts are pointed to the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. He sleeps with his fathers and is buried in the city, even in Jerusalem, but they bring him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel. Hezekiah his son reigns.
The worship order Solomon's house represented is dismantled city by city. Distress does not have to produce this. Religious disagreement still does not authorize destroying people or cultures associated with other gods. A denied royal tomb is this book's honor language, not a rule for shaming the dead.
How this should shape us
Do not let panic become a shopping trip for more powerful gods, and do not answer a closed temple by scorning the people who lived through it. Repair what Ahaz shut; do not imitate the shutting.
Teach it back
Explain 2 Chronicles 28:22–27 in your own words. Include its movement, placement in Chronicles, one Samuel-Kings comparison, one material uncertainty, one affected person or group, and one modern use the complete context rules out.
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The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters disagree?
Best judgment: The received text's literary claim is clear, while source history, exact chronology, numbers, speech wording, and event-level reconstruction remain questions of graded historical judgment.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.
2 Chronicles 28:22–27, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clauses, regnal formulas, temple vocabulary, older-English controls, and translation limits.
Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/2Chr.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 28:22–27
Supports: Unit-bounded translation comparisons and only those lexical, textual, grammatical, numerical, historical, and parallel-passage notes attached to these verses.
STEP Bible NET2full, 2 Chronicles 28:22–27, verse-attached translation and translator notes
Supports: Publisher-visible framing of the Chronicler's God, worship, Israel, kingship, retribution, and hope, used within its access limitation rather than as uninspected detailed commentary.
Japhet, The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles (2009), chapter 3, 'The People of Israel,' pp. 209–307, and chapter 4, 'Kingship,' pp. 308–383; only the official exposed openings and ranges were inspected
Supports: A postexilic identity-negotiation model used as a reconstruction, never as ethnic prescription or explicit author biography.
Jonker, Verbum et Ecclesia 24.2 (2003), complete article, sections on Persian-period Yehud, older tradition, cultic identity, and multi-ethnic context
Supports: A recent critical reading of institutional legitimation and selective historical discourse, used without reducing all worship to elite manipulation.
Geyser-Fouché, HTS 79.1 (2023), complete official HTML, sections on selective narration, temple and personnel, royal patronage, Athaliah and Joash, exile, and power
Supports: Case-sensitive distinction between events and literary presentation in ancient historiography, including credibility limits and rhetorical shaping.
Kalimi, 'History, Historiography, Historical Evaluation and Credibility,' repository PDF pp. 7–25
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.
Exact location: 2 Chronicles 28:22–27, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Open source ↗hebrew text and morphology
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: 2 Chronicles
Open Scriptures
Open Scriptures, release 2.2
Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clauses, regnal formulas, temple vocabulary, older-English controls, and translation limits.
Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/2Chr.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 28:22–27
Open source ↗translation and translator notes
NET Bible Full Notes: 2 Chronicles
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press; STEP Bible presentation, 2019 edition; current web presentation
Supports: Unit-bounded translation comparisons and only those lexical, textual, grammatical, numerical, historical, and parallel-passage notes attached to these verses.
Exact location: STEP Bible NET2full, 2 Chronicles 28:22–27, verse-attached translation and translator notes
Open source ↗modern scholarly monograph limited access
The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles and Its Place in Biblical Thought
Sara Japhet
Eisenbrauns / Penn State University Press, English edition 1989; reprint 2009
Supports: Publisher-visible framing of the Chronicler's God, worship, Israel, kingship, retribution, and hope, used within its access limitation rather than as uninspected detailed commentary.
Exact location: Japhet, The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles (2009), chapter 3, 'The People of Israel,' pp. 209–307, and chapter 4, 'Kingship,' pp. 308–383; only the official exposed openings and ranges were inspected
Open source ↗peer reviewed open access scholarly article
The rhetorics of finding a new identity in a multi-religious and multi-ethnic society: The case of the book of Chronicles
Louis C. Jonker
Verbum et Ecclesia 24(2), article 350, 2003
Supports: A postexilic identity-negotiation model used as a reconstruction, never as ethnic prescription or explicit author biography.
Exact location: Jonker, Verbum et Ecclesia 24.2 (2003), complete article, sections on Persian-period Yehud, older tradition, cultic identity, and multi-ethnic context
Open source ↗peer reviewed open access scholarly article
1 and 2 Chronicles as a discourse of power
Ananda Geyser-Fouche
HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 79(1), article 8011, 2023
Supports: A recent critical reading of institutional legitimation and selective historical discourse, used without reducing all worship to elite manipulation.
Exact location: Geyser-Fouché, HTS 79.1 (2023), complete official HTML, sections on selective narration, temple and personnel, royal patronage, Athaliah and Joash, exile, and power
Open source ↗peer reviewed open access scholarly article
History, Historiography, Historical Evaluation and Credibility: Chronicles in Its Ancient Context
Isaac Kalimi
Poznań Theological Studies repository edition, pp. 7-25, 2019 repository edition
Supports: Case-sensitive distinction between events and literary presentation in ancient historiography, including credibility limits and rhetorical shaping.
Exact location: Kalimi, 'History, Historiography, Historical Evaluation and Credibility,' repository PDF pp. 7–25
Open source ↗