2 Chronicles 35:7–19, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
2 Chronicles 35:7–19
A meticulously supplied Passover involves all Israel present
King, princes, and temple rulers supply the animals from their own substance
Josiah gave to the people of the flock, lambs and kids, all for the passover offerings, for all that were present, thirty thousand, and three thousand bullocks: these were of the king's substance. His princes gave willingly unto the people, to the priests, and to the Levites. Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, rulers of the house of God, gave unto the priests two thousand and six hundred small cattle and three hundred oxen. Conaniah, Shemaiah, Nethaneel, Hashabiah, Jeiel, and Jozabad, chief of the Levites, gave unto the Levites five thousand small cattle and five hundred oxen.
Willing princely gifts sit beside royal substance. The scale is this book's. It functions theologically as well as historically and should not be turned into a contest with every other Passover.
Roasting, boiling, flaying, and gatekeeping run until night
The service was prepared: priests stood in their place, Levites in their courses according to the king's commandment. They killed the passover; the priests sprinkled the blood from their hands, and the Levites flayed them. They removed the burnt offerings to give according to the divisions of the families of the people, as written in the book of Moses, and so with the oxen. They roasted the passover with fire according to the ordinance; but the other holy offerings sod they in pots, caldrons, and pans, and divided them speedily among all the people. Sod means boiled. Afterward the Levites made ready for themselves and for the priests, because the sons of Aaron were busied in offering burnt offerings and the fat until night. Singers the sons of Asaph were in their place according to David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun; porters waited at every gate and might not depart from their service, for their brethren the Levites prepared for them. So all the service of the LORD was prepared the same day.
The children of Israel that were present kept the passover and the feast of unleavened bread seven days. There was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet; neither did all the kings of Israel keep such a passover as Josiah kept, with the priests, the Levites, all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, in the eighteenth year of Josiah. The superlative comparison does not demean other Passovers, erase animal and worker cost, or make spectacle the measure of faithful worship. Chronicles and Kings emphasize different aspects of this feast; both remain.
How this should shape us
Count labor as part of worship: blood, knives, pots, gates, and night work. Honor a carefully supplied Passover without ranking souls, scorning other Jewish practice, or pretending the animals and the tired priests were invisible.
Teach it back
Explain 2 Chronicles 35:7–19 in your own words. Include its movement, placement in Chronicles, one Samuel-Kings comparison, one material uncertainty, one affected person or group, and one modern use the complete context rules out.
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Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters disagree?
Best judgment: Chronicles and Kings emphasize different aspects of Josiah's Passover; the scale and comparison function theologically as well as historically.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.
2 Chronicles 35:7–19, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clauses, regnal formulas, temple vocabulary, older-English controls, and translation limits.
Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/2Chr.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 35:7–19
Supports: Unit-bounded translation comparisons and only those lexical, textual, grammatical, numerical, historical, and parallel-passage notes attached to these verses.
STEP Bible NET2full, 2 Chronicles 35:7–19, verse-attached translation and translator notes
Supports: Publisher-visible framing of the Chronicler's God, worship, Israel, kingship, retribution, and hope, used within its access limitation rather than as uninspected detailed commentary.
Japhet, The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles (2009), chapter 1, 'Yhwh, the God of Israel,' pp. 9–155, chapter 2 pp. 156–208, and chapter 5 pp. 384–394; only the official exposed openings and ranges were inspected
Supports: A postexilic identity-negotiation model used as a reconstruction, never as ethnic prescription or explicit author biography.
Jonker, Verbum et Ecclesia 24.2 (2003), complete article, sections on Persian-period Yehud, older tradition, cultic identity, and multi-ethnic context
Supports: A recent critical reading of institutional legitimation and selective historical discourse, used without reducing all worship to elite manipulation.
Geyser-Fouché, HTS 79.1 (2023), complete official HTML, sections on selective narration, temple and personnel, royal patronage, Athaliah and Joash, exile, and power
Supports: Case-sensitive distinction between events and literary presentation in ancient historiography, including credibility limits and rhetorical shaping.
Kalimi, 'History, Historiography, Historical Evaluation and Credibility,' repository PDF pp. 7–25
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.
Exact location: 2 Chronicles 35:7–19, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Open source ↗hebrew text and morphology
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: 2 Chronicles
Open Scriptures
Open Scriptures, release 2.2
Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clauses, regnal formulas, temple vocabulary, older-English controls, and translation limits.
Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/2Chr.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 35:7–19
Open source ↗translation and translator notes
NET Bible Full Notes: 2 Chronicles
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press; STEP Bible presentation, 2019 edition; current web presentation
Supports: Unit-bounded translation comparisons and only those lexical, textual, grammatical, numerical, historical, and parallel-passage notes attached to these verses.
Exact location: STEP Bible NET2full, 2 Chronicles 35:7–19, verse-attached translation and translator notes
Open source ↗modern scholarly monograph limited access
The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles and Its Place in Biblical Thought
Sara Japhet
Eisenbrauns / Penn State University Press, English edition 1989; reprint 2009
Supports: Publisher-visible framing of the Chronicler's God, worship, Israel, kingship, retribution, and hope, used within its access limitation rather than as uninspected detailed commentary.
Exact location: Japhet, The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles (2009), chapter 1, 'Yhwh, the God of Israel,' pp. 9–155, chapter 2 pp. 156–208, and chapter 5 pp. 384–394; only the official exposed openings and ranges were inspected
Open source ↗peer reviewed open access scholarly article
The rhetorics of finding a new identity in a multi-religious and multi-ethnic society: The case of the book of Chronicles
Louis C. Jonker
Verbum et Ecclesia 24(2), article 350, 2003
Supports: A postexilic identity-negotiation model used as a reconstruction, never as ethnic prescription or explicit author biography.
Exact location: Jonker, Verbum et Ecclesia 24.2 (2003), complete article, sections on Persian-period Yehud, older tradition, cultic identity, and multi-ethnic context
Open source ↗peer reviewed open access scholarly article
1 and 2 Chronicles as a discourse of power
Ananda Geyser-Fouche
HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 79(1), article 8011, 2023
Supports: A recent critical reading of institutional legitimation and selective historical discourse, used without reducing all worship to elite manipulation.
Exact location: Geyser-Fouché, HTS 79.1 (2023), complete official HTML, sections on selective narration, temple and personnel, royal patronage, Athaliah and Joash, exile, and power
Open source ↗peer reviewed open access scholarly article
History, Historiography, Historical Evaluation and Credibility: Chronicles in Its Ancient Context
Isaac Kalimi
Poznań Theological Studies repository edition, pp. 7-25, 2019 repository edition
Supports: Case-sensitive distinction between events and literary presentation in ancient historiography, including credibility limits and rhetorical shaping.
Exact location: Kalimi, 'History, Historiography, Historical Evaluation and Credibility,' repository PDF pp. 7–25
Open source ↗