2 Chronicles 9:13–21, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
2 Chronicles 9:13–21
Gold, throne, shields, and ships magnify Solomon
Annual gold, tribute, shields, an ivory throne, golden vessels, and triennial ships make silver seem ordinary in Jerusalem.
2 Chronicles 9:13–21 opens with “Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred and threescore and…” and closes with “For the king’s ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: every three years once came the….” Those endpoints show the unit's actual movement before interpretation is added.
How the passage moves
The inventory heightens the glory that attracted the queen but also invites comparison with Torah's cautions about royal accumulation.
Reading 2 Chronicles 9:13–21 within Chronicles' complete movement rules out these uses:
Luxury does not certify justice, excuse exploitation, or promise material abundance to faithful rulers or believers.
How this should shape us
How should this shape us today?
When worship, buildings, wealth, or leadership are involved, disclose labor and money, welcome outsiders without stigma, preserve covenant limits, and refuse to measure God's presence by scale or spectacle. This response follows from the unit's own movement: Annual gold, tribute, shields, an ivory throne, golden vessels, and triennial ships make silver seem ordinary in Jerusalem.
Teach it back
Explain 2 Chronicles 9:13–21 in your own words. Include its movement, placement in Chronicles, one Samuel-Kings comparison, one material uncertainty, one affected person or group, and one modern use the complete context rules out.
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Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Read it sentence by sentenceEach line inside the larger movement
Narrated movement
Annual gold, tribute, shields, an ivory throne, golden vessels, and triennial ships make silver seem ordinary in Jerusalem.
Placement in the book
The inventory heightens the glory that attracted the queen but also invites comparison with Torah's cautions about royal accumulation.
Original-language wording and grammarTechnical detail appears only where it helps
apes and peacocks
The traditional KJV commodity names reflect uncertain loanwords from long-distance trade.
How certain? probableWhat the first readers would have understoodRelevant history and culture
Monarchic narrative and postexilic historiography
Annual gold, tribute, shields, an ivory throne, golden vessels, and triennial ships make silver seem ordinary in Jerusalem. Chronicles is ancient theological historiography shaped for a postexilic horizon; event reconstruction remains no stronger than the cited textual, historical, archaeological, or imperial evidence.
How certain? probableWhy translations sometimes differMaterial translation choices
KJV wording and material alternatives
apes and peacocks requires ordinary-English clarification here: The traditional KJV commodity names reflect uncertain loanwords from long-distance trade. The pinned KJV remains displayed while the Hebrew record and NET2 notes control material alternatives.
How certain? probableEarlier Scripture and inherited backgroundSupported quotations, allusions, and inherited ideas
Chronicles within Israel's Scriptures
Samuel-Kings supplies the closest parallel history, while Torah, Psalms, prophets, Ezra, and Chronicles' own earlier chapters provide literary and theological controls. Differences are evidence of selection and shaping, not defects to erase.
How certain? strongHow this connects with the rest of ScriptureThe passage's own meaning remains primary
Compare without forced harmonization
Read the received Chronicler's presentation first, then compare Samuel-Kings and other Scriptures without forcing agreement, devaluing either witness, or turning ancient Israel and Judah into modern political brands.
How certain? probableTextual variantsManuscript differences only when they affect meaning
Samuel-Kings differences and reconstruction limits
Several commodities and geographic labels are uncertain, and the totals function rhetorically as well as economically.
How certain? probableWhere careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters disagree?
Best judgment: Several commodities and geographic labels are uncertain, and the totals function rhetorically as well as economically.
How certain? probableTheology that emerges from this passageConclusions drawn after reading the complete section
Theological contribution
The Chronicler presents divine presence, judgment, mercy, or providence through this movement: Annual gold, tribute, shields, an ivory throne, golden vessels, and triennial ships make silver seem ordinary in Jerusalem.
How certain? strongTheological contribution
Across 2 Chronicles this movement contributes to the path from Solomon's temple through Judah's kings, exile, and Cyrus's unfinished invitation: Annual gold, tribute, shields, an ivory throne, golden vessels, and triennial ships make silver seem ordinary in Jerusalem.
How certain? strongCommon ways this passage gets misusedFair explanation, context check, and stronger reading
Luxury does not certify justice, excuse exploitation, or promise material abundance to faithful rulers or believers.
A temple, king, reform, victory, judgment, healing, prosperity, exile, or return line can be detached from the Chronicler's postexilic horizon, literary shaping, affected people, and the rest of the book.
Annual gold, tribute, shields, an ivory throne, golden vessels, and triennial ships make silver seem ordinary in Jerusalem. This placement supplies the interpretive connection: The inventory heightens the glory that attracted the queen but also invites comparison with Torah's cautions about royal accumulation.
Worship and wisdom remain accountable to covenant, labor, outsiders, resources, and God's freedom; sacred scale never makes royal power or a building immune from review. This unit tests that truth through the narrated movement: Annual gold, tribute, shields, an ivory throne, golden vessels, and triennial ships make silver seem ordinary in Jerusalem.
Annual gold, tribute, shields, an ivory throne, golden vessels, and triennial ships make silver seem ordinary in Jerusalem.
Research trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.
2 Chronicles 9:13–21, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clauses, regnal formulas, temple vocabulary, older-English controls, and translation limits.
Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/2Chr.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 9:13–21
Supports: Unit-bounded translation comparisons and only those lexical, textual, grammatical, numerical, historical, and parallel-passage notes attached to these verses.
STEP Bible NET2full, 2 Chronicles 9:13–21, verse-attached translation and translator notes
Supports: Publisher-visible framing of the Chronicler's God, worship, Israel, kingship, retribution, and hope, used within its access limitation rather than as uninspected detailed commentary.
Japhet, The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles (2009), chapter 2, 'The Worship of Yhwh,' pp. 156–208, and chapter 4, 'Kingship,' pp. 308–383; only the official exposed openings and ranges were inspected
Supports: Only the exposed late-Persian and alternative-history framing plus the fact of deliberate rewriting; not uninspected detailed claims.
Levin, 'The Chronicler's Rewriting of the History of Israel: Why and How?' (2020), pp. 173–188; official opening, XML metadata, and chapter record
Supports: A recent critical reading of institutional legitimation and selective historical discourse, used without reducing all worship to elite manipulation.
Geyser-Fouché, HTS 79.1 (2023), complete official HTML, sections on selective narration, temple and personnel, royal patronage, Athaliah and Joash, exile, and power
Supports: Case-sensitive distinction between events and literary presentation in ancient historiography, including credibility limits and rhetorical shaping.
Kalimi, 'History, Historiography, Historical Evaluation and Credibility,' repository PDF pp. 7–25
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.
Exact location: 2 Chronicles 9:13–21, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Open source ↗hebrew text and morphology
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: 2 Chronicles
Open Scriptures
Open Scriptures, release 2.2
Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clauses, regnal formulas, temple vocabulary, older-English controls, and translation limits.
Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/2Chr.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 9:13–21
Open source ↗translation and translator notes
NET Bible Full Notes: 2 Chronicles
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press; STEP Bible presentation, 2019 edition; current web presentation
Supports: Unit-bounded translation comparisons and only those lexical, textual, grammatical, numerical, historical, and parallel-passage notes attached to these verses.
Exact location: STEP Bible NET2full, 2 Chronicles 9:13–21, verse-attached translation and translator notes
Open source ↗modern scholarly monograph limited access
The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles and Its Place in Biblical Thought
Sara Japhet
Eisenbrauns / Penn State University Press, English edition 1989; reprint 2009
Supports: Publisher-visible framing of the Chronicler's God, worship, Israel, kingship, retribution, and hope, used within its access limitation rather than as uninspected detailed commentary.
Exact location: Japhet, The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles (2009), chapter 2, 'The Worship of Yhwh,' pp. 156–208, and chapter 4, 'Kingship,' pp. 308–383; only the official exposed openings and ranges were inspected
Open source ↗peer reviewed scholarly book chapter limited access
The Chronicler's Rewriting of the History of Israel: Why and How?
Yigal Levin
Writing and Rewriting History in Ancient Israel and Near Eastern Cultures, Mohr Siebeck, 2020
Supports: Only the exposed late-Persian and alternative-history framing plus the fact of deliberate rewriting; not uninspected detailed claims.
Exact location: Levin, 'The Chronicler's Rewriting of the History of Israel: Why and How?' (2020), pp. 173–188; official opening, XML metadata, and chapter record
Open source ↗peer reviewed open access scholarly article
1 and 2 Chronicles as a discourse of power
Ananda Geyser-Fouche
HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 79(1), article 8011, 2023
Supports: A recent critical reading of institutional legitimation and selective historical discourse, used without reducing all worship to elite manipulation.
Exact location: Geyser-Fouché, HTS 79.1 (2023), complete official HTML, sections on selective narration, temple and personnel, royal patronage, Athaliah and Joash, exile, and power
Open source ↗peer reviewed open access scholarly article
History, Historiography, Historical Evaluation and Credibility: Chronicles in Its Ancient Context
Isaac Kalimi
Poznań Theological Studies repository edition, pp. 7-25, 2019 repository edition
Supports: Case-sensitive distinction between events and literary presentation in ancient historiography, including credibility limits and rhetorical shaping.
Exact location: Kalimi, 'History, Historiography, Historical Evaluation and Credibility,' repository PDF pp. 7–25
Open source ↗