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Amos 1:9-10, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
Amos 1:9-10
Tyre Accountable for Trafficking and Betrayed Covenant
Commerce that forgets a pledged relationship
Tyre is charged with the same delivery of a whole captivity to Edom, then with a further crime: it did not remember a brotherly covenant. Trade or policy moved people, and a remembered agreement was treated as disposable. The parties and date of that covenant are not named, so the verse will not prove one alliance beyond dispute.
KJV "Tyrus" is Tyre, a fortified commercial power. The oracle does not need a complete treaty archive to make its point. Profit and diplomacy remain answerable for the persons they harm and the promises they erase.
Walls and palaces cannot launder trafficking
Fire on the wall and palaces answers a city that trusted defenses and wealth. Fortification does not make captive transfer morally secure. Gaza supplied people; Tyre is judged for participating in the same pipeline and for betraying a close bond.
The next oracle will accuse Edom, the destination named twice. The sequence exposes a network: capture, transfer, reception. None of these names marks a modern ethnic or commercial community as cursed, and the threatened fire does not authorize sabotage.
How this should shape us
Audit partners for forced labor and captive transfer, and keep protective commitments even when breach would profit the stronger party. Contracts and trade cannot become cover for trafficking or abandonment.
Teach it back
Explain Amos 1:9-10 in your own words. Include its place in Amos's judgment-restoration movement, one material uncertainty, and one use the context rules out.
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Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters disagree?
Best judgment: The covenant's parties, date, and relation to the deportees remain uncertain; the paired trafficking and betrayal charge is explicit.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.
Amos 1:9-10, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew wording, morphology, clause relationships, wordplays, names, and the base text behind translation discussion.
Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Amos.xml, 1:9-10
Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, textual, literary, historical, and uncertainty notes.
NET Bible Amos PDF, printed pp. 1705-1708, translation and notes on 1:9-10
Supports: Whole-book movement, eighth-century horizon, literary boundaries, composition, and verse-level alternatives.
Dines, 'Amos,' Oxford Bible Commentary, printed pp. 582-583, discussion of 1:9-10
Supports: The nations sequence, victim-centered evaluation of wartime and postwar crimes, deportation, trafficking, kin violence, and corpse desecration.
Kessler, 'The Crimes of the Nations in Amos 1-2,' Acta Theologica Supplement 26 (2018), journal pp. 206-220, especially pp. 209-217
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.
Exact location: Amos 1:9-10, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Open source ↗hebrew text and morphology
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Amos
Open Scriptures
Open Scriptures, release 2.2
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew wording, morphology, clause relationships, wordplays, names, and the base text behind translation discussion.
Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Amos.xml, 1:9-10
Open source ↗translation and translator notes
NET Bible: Amos with translators' notes
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press, 2006
Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, textual, literary, historical, and uncertainty notes.
Exact location: NET Bible Amos PDF, printed pp. 1705-1708, translation and notes on 1:9-10
Open source ↗modern critical commentary
Amos
Jennifer M. Dines
Oxford University Press, in The Oxford Bible Commentary, 2001
Supports: Whole-book movement, eighth-century horizon, literary boundaries, composition, and verse-level alternatives.
Exact location: Dines, 'Amos,' Oxford Bible Commentary, printed pp. 582-583, discussion of 1:9-10
Open source ↗peer reviewed journal article
The Crimes of the Nations in Amos 1-2
Rainer Kessler
Acta Theologica, Supplement 26, 2018
Supports: The nations sequence, victim-centered evaluation of wartime and postwar crimes, deportation, trafficking, kin violence, and corpse desecration.
Exact location: Kessler, 'The Crimes of the Nations in Amos 1-2,' Acta Theologica Supplement 26 (2018), journal pp. 206-220, especially pp. 209-217
Open source ↗