Section 3 of 1201:19–46Deuteronomy

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King James VersionDeuteronomy 1:19–46

And when we departed from Horeb, we went through all that great and terrible wilderness, which ye saw by the way of the mountain of the Amorites, as the LORD our God commanded us; and we came to Kadesh-barnea.

And I said unto you, Ye are come unto the mountain of the Amorites, which the LORD our God doth give unto us.

Behold, the LORD thy God hath set the land before thee: go up and possess it, as the LORD God of thy fathers hath said unto thee; fear not, neither be discouraged.

And ye came near unto me every one of you, and said, We will send men before us, and they shall search us out the land, and bring us word again by what way we must go up, and into what cities we shall come.

And the saying pleased me well: and I took twelve men of you, one of a tribe:

And they turned and went up into the mountain, and came unto the valley of Eshcol, and searched it out.

And they took of the fruit of the land in their hands, and brought it down unto us, and brought us word again, and said, It is a good land which the LORD our God doth give us.

Notwithstanding ye would not go up, but rebelled against the commandment of the LORD your God:

And ye murmured in your tents, and said, Because the LORD hated us, he hath brought us forth out of the land of Egypt, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us.

Whither shall we go up? our brethren have discouraged our heart, saying, The people is greater and taller than we; the cities are great and walled up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakims there.

Then I said unto you, Dread not, neither be afraid of them.

The LORD your God which goeth before you, he shall fight for you, according to all that he did for you in Egypt before your eyes;

And in the wilderness, where thou hast seen how that the LORD thy God bare thee, as a man doth bear his son, in all the way that ye went, until ye came into this place.

Yet in this thing ye did not believe the LORD your God,

Who went in the way before you, to search you out a place to pitch your tents in, in fire by night, to shew you by what way ye should go, and in a cloud by day.

And the LORD heard the voice of your words, and was wroth, and sware, saying,

Surely there shall not one of these men of this evil generation see that good land, which I sware to give unto your fathers,

Save Caleb the son of Jephunneh; he shall see it, and to him will I give the land that he hath trodden upon, and to his children, because he hath wholly followed the LORD.

Also the LORD was angry with me for your sakes, saying, Thou also shalt not go in thither.

But Joshua the son of Nun, which standeth before thee, he shall go in thither: encourage him: for he shall cause Israel to inherit it.

Moreover your little ones, which ye said should be a prey, and your children, which in that day had no knowledge between good and evil, they shall go in thither, and unto them will I give it, and they shall possess it.

But as for you, turn you, and take your journey into the wilderness by the way of the Red sea.

Then ye answered and said unto me, We have sinned against the LORD, we will go up and fight, according to all that the LORD our God commanded us. And when ye had girded on every man his weapons of war, ye were ready to go up into the hill.

And the LORD said unto me, Say unto them, Go not up, neither fight; for I am not among you; lest ye be smitten before your enemies.

So I spake unto you; and ye would not hear, but rebelled against the commandment of the LORD, and went presumptuously up into the hill.

And the Amorites, which dwelt in that mountain, came out against you, and chased you, as bees do, and destroyed you in Seir, even unto Hormah.

And ye returned and wept before the LORD; but the LORD would not hearken to your voice, nor give ear unto you.

So ye abode in Kadesh many days, according unto the days that ye abode there.

Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.

Scripture text: King James Version, Standardized 1769 text. Public domain in the United States.About this Bible text

Deuteronomy 1:19–46

Kadesh Refusal and Presumptuous Defeat

A good land is reported, then refused

From the terrible wilderness Israel reaches Kadesh-barnea. Moses says the hill country is gift: go up, take it, do not fear. The people propose spies. Moses agrees. The men enter Eshcol, take fruit, and bring back a good report of the land. The collapse is not that the land was unknown. It is that fear of stronger people, fenced cities, and Anakim overwhelms the gift.

Accusation, judgment, and a successor

In the tents Israel says the LORD hated them and brought them out to die. Moses answers with Egypt, wilderness care, and the image of God carrying a son. They still do not believe. The LORD's oath bars that evil generation from the land. Caleb is excepted. Moses himself is barred in this telling. Joshua must be encouraged. The children Israel said would be prey are the ones who will enter. The condemned adults are turned back toward the sea.

Grief after a closed command is not the same as obedience

They confess sin and decide to go up anyway. Moses forbids the battle: the LORD will not go with you. They go presumptuously. Amorites chase them like bees as far as Hormah. They weep, and the LORD will not hear. They remain at Kadesh. Late courage after a refused word is not faith, and the children's later entry is not a license to blame them for their parents.

How this should shape us

Before reversing a communal decision, distinguish fear, truthful risk, disobedience, regret, and a newly prohibited action. Do not treat a late surge of confidence as faithfulness once the authorized path has closed, and do not read this defeat as a template for war on demand.

Teach it back

Explain Deuteronomy 1:19–46 in your own words. Include its place in Moses' speeches or the final narrative, both movements, one material uncertainty, one affected person or group, and one use the complete context rules out.

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Go deeper

The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.

Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties

Where do careful interpreters disagree?

Best judgment: Interpreters disagree about the composition, date, Mosaic presentation, final-form role, legal relationship, rhetoric, history, and reception of “Kadesh Refusal and Presumptuous Defeat.” Confidence is strongest in the received unit's movement summarized here; historical and source-critical reconstructions remain probable, plausible, or uncertain as the evidence warrants.

How certain? probable

Research trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section

King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006

Supports: Exact reader-facing KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.

Deuteronomy 1:19–46, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Deuteronomy

Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, speech and legal clauses, poetic lines, older-English controls, and translation limits.

Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Deut.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 1:19–46

NET Bible: Deuteronomy with translators' notes

Supports: Unit-bounded translation, syntax, lexical, legal, poetic, measure, name, and selected textual notes; silence is not evidence.

NET Bible Deuteronomy PDF, complete PDF pp. 1–111, translation and translator notes attached to 1:19–46

Deuteronomy Part 2: Covenant, Shema, Prophecy, and Authority

Supports: Covenant rhetoric, treaty comparison, Torah authority, prophetic testing, and royal subordination within the guide's stated critical model.

Yale Bible Study, 'Deuteronomy Part 2,' complete guide sections on treaty form, canonical formulas, Shema, love and loyalty, prophecy, textual authority, and kingship, applied to Deuteronomy 1:19–46

The Place of Deuteronomy in the Formation of the Pentateuch

Supports: A current debate map only; no unexposed chapter argument is attributed.

Schmid, Oxford Handbook chapter (2020), official abstract and six-question scope: Pentateuchal setting, reworked Tetrateuch, layers, date, covenant and treaty, and Deuteronomism

Deuteronomy: The First Torah

Supports: Mosaic speech presentation, self-referential Torah language, final-form function, and one model of earlier independent literary life.

Glatt-Gilad, 'Deuteronomy: The First Torah,' complete article sections on speeches, Torah self-reference, law differences, and Joshua-Kings reception; applied to Deuteronomy 1:19–46

Deuteronomy's Herem Law: Protecting Israel at the Cost of Its Humanity

Supports: Lethal totality, civilian and captive effects, war categories, comparison, ideological reconstruction, and strict modern non-transfer.

Cogan, 'Deuteronomy's Herem Law,' complete sections on Deuteronomy 20, wars inside and outside Canaan, Joshua implementation, ancient Near Eastern brutality, and ethical cost; applied to Deuteronomy 1:19–46

Sources for This Section

These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.

Biblical text

King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006

eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society

USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.

Supports: Exact reader-facing KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.

Exact location: Deuteronomy 1:19–46, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus

Open source ↗

hebrew text and morphology

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Deuteronomy

Open Scriptures

Open Scriptures, release 2.2

Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, speech and legal clauses, poetic lines, older-English controls, and translation limits.

Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Deut.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 1:19–46

Open source ↗

translation and translator notes

NET Bible: Deuteronomy with translators' notes

Biblical Studies Press

eBible.org distribution of the NET Bible, PDF generated 2026-08-12

Supports: Unit-bounded translation, syntax, lexical, legal, poetic, measure, name, and selected textual notes; silence is not evidence.

Exact location: NET Bible Deuteronomy PDF, complete PDF pp. 1–111, translation and translator notes attached to 1:19–46

Open source ↗

modern critical open study guide

Deuteronomy Part 2: Covenant, Shema, Prophecy, and Authority

Joel S. Baden and Yale Bible Study

Yale Divinity School, 2023 course edition

Supports: Covenant rhetoric, treaty comparison, Torah authority, prophetic testing, and royal subordination within the guide's stated critical model.

Exact location: Yale Bible Study, 'Deuteronomy Part 2,' complete guide sections on treaty form, canonical formulas, Shema, love and loyalty, prophecy, textual authority, and kingship, applied to Deuteronomy 1:19–46

Open source ↗

modern scholarly handbook chapter abstract

The Place of Deuteronomy in the Formation of the Pentateuch

Konrad Schmid

The Oxford Handbook of the Pentateuch, Oxford University Press, 2020

Supports: A current debate map only; no unexposed chapter argument is attributed.

Exact location: Schmid, Oxford Handbook chapter (2020), official abstract and six-question scope: Pentateuchal setting, reworked Tetrateuch, layers, date, covenant and treaty, and Deuteronomism

Open source ↗

modern jewish scholarly open composition study

Deuteronomy: The First Torah

David A. Glatt-Gilad

TheTorah.com, 2015

Supports: Mosaic speech presentation, self-referential Torah language, final-form function, and one model of earlier independent literary life.

Exact location: Glatt-Gilad, 'Deuteronomy: The First Torah,' complete article sections on speeches, Torah self-reference, law differences, and Joshua-Kings reception; applied to Deuteronomy 1:19–46

Open source ↗

modern jewish scholarly open war and ethics study

Deuteronomy's Herem Law: Protecting Israel at the Cost of Its Humanity

Mordechai Cogan

TheTorah.com, 2022

Supports: Lethal totality, civilian and captive effects, war categories, comparison, ideological reconstruction, and strict modern non-transfer.

Exact location: Cogan, 'Deuteronomy's Herem Law,' complete sections on Deuteronomy 20, wars inside and outside Canaan, Joshua implementation, ancient Near Eastern brutality, and ethical cost; applied to Deuteronomy 1:19–46

Open source ↗

Deuteronomy 1:19–46, King James Version

A good land is reported, then refused

Accusation, judgment, and a successor

Grief after a closed command is not the same as obedience

How this should shape us

Teach it back

Go deeper

Where do careful interpreters disagree?

King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Deuteronomy

NET Bible: Deuteronomy with translators' notes

Deuteronomy Part 2: Covenant, Shema, Prophecy, and Authority

The Place of Deuteronomy in the Formation of the Pentateuch

Deuteronomy: The First Torah

Deuteronomy's Herem Law: Protecting Israel at the Cost of Its Humanity