Hagar and Ishmael Are Sent Away but Preserved

Supports: Displayed wording, narrative sequence, family relations, wilderness crisis, promises, growth, and canonical reception.

Genesis 21:8–21 in the pinned eng-kjv2006 source; compared with Genesis 16; 17:18–21; 21:1–7, 22–34; 22; 25:9, 12–18; and Galatians 4:21–31

Supports: Weaning, ambiguous conduct, enslavement, expulsion, inheritance, sonship, distress, hearing, age-flexible nouns, opened eyes, and bowman wording.

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible, wlc/Gen.xml, Genesis 21:8–21; lemmas and morphology for gamal, metsaheq, amah, garash, zera, qara, ra'a, shama, yeled, na'ar, paqach, and roveh qashshat

Supports: Weaning context, metsaheq alternatives, Abraham's distress, Isaac's called seed, verse 14 syntax, cast language, bowshot, Hagar and boy voices, Ishmael wordplay, opened eyes, Paran, and Egyptian wife.

NET Bible, Genesis 21 and translator notes 15–39, especially notes on 21:8–20

Supports: Final-form placement, Isaac-Ishmael distinction, covenant line, and transition toward Genesis 22.

Genesis commentary, Abraham narrative discussion of Genesis 21–22

Supports: Critical and ethical context for Hagar, Ishmael, Isaac, promise, expulsion, and later reception; no passage-specific claim attributed beyond inspected scope.

Genesis 16 and 22: Abraham and Isaac study guide and course context for the Abraham cycle

Supports: Literary placement, passage navigation, and source-compositional context only.

Genesis, official Cambridge contents and introduction; commentary locator for Genesis 21:8–21

Supports: Modern Jewish literary comparison of the two Hagar stories, inheritance-centered second expulsion, naming, wilderness movement, and distinct-tradition interpretation.

TheTorah.com, 'Hagar: The Only Female Fugitive Hero,' sections comparing Genesis 16 and 21

Supports: Abstract-level grammatical observation that the Piel participle lacks a direct or indirect object, survey of laughing, playing, and mocking options, and recommendation not to force disambiguation.

The Bible Translator 73.1 (2022), pp. 89–103; official abstract for 'Looking into Sarah's Eyes: The Meaning of מְצַחֵק in Genesis 21.9'

Supports: Inheritance, objectless metsaheq, LXX addition, Hagar naming and status, age/composition tension, Genesis 21–22 literary parallels, divine hearing, and later burial reconciliation.

TheTorah.com, 'The Expulsion of Ishmael: Who Is Being Tried?', especially 'What Prompts the Banishment?', literary parallels, footnotes 1–9, and 'Family Healing'

Supports: Full presentation of a modern minority sexual-misconduct proposal, lexical parallels, LXX evidence, and final-form versus source-critical age tension; used as an alternative rather than adopted.

TheTorah.com, 'Does Ishmael Molest Isaac?', sections on playing, mocking, sexual readings, the LXX, and footnotes 1–3

Supports: Abstract-level survey of ethnic-Other, rabbinic sexual-misconduct, and older-sibling influence readings, plus Sarah's broader narrative biography and later Jewish-Muslim reception.

Jewish Bible Quarterly 36.1 (2008), pp. 54–62; official abstract and bibliographic record