Section 21 of 3110:1-8Hosea
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Hosea 10:1-8, King James Version

King James VersionHosea 10:1-8

Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.

Hosea 10:1-8

Fruitful Vine, Divided Heart, False Covenant, and Calf Glory Collapse

A spreading vine spends its fruit on altars

Israel is an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit unto himself: according to the multitude of his fruit he hath increased the altars. KJV empty sits beside a vine that does produce; the force is luxuriant growth spent on the wrong objects. Their heart is divided — or smooth — and now they are found faulty; he shall break down their altars.

They shall say, We have no king, because we feared not the LORD; what then should a king do to us? They have spoken words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field. Prosperity is judged by what it funds. It does not automatically prove favor or guilt.

The calf's glory goes to Assyria, and the king is foam

The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of Beth-aven. The people and the priests that rejoiced on it shall mourn for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it. It shall be also carried unto Assyria for a present to king Jareb. Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel.

As for Samaria, her king is cut off as the foam upon the water. The high places of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed; the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us. The mountain cry is terror, later reused in other judgment scenes. It is not an instruction toward self-harm, hiding abuse, or suicide. The calf is not a Christian taunt against Jews.

How this should shape us

Measure growth by truthful covenants and just outcomes, not by facilities and brand. Do not treat revenue as faithfulness, and do not use the mountain plea as a script for despair or concealment.

Teach it back

Explain Hosea 10:1-8 in your own words. Include its place in Hosea's prophetic movement, one material uncertainty, and one use the context rules out.

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Go deeper

The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.

Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties

Where do careful interpreters disagree?

Best judgment: Textual details and historical sequencing vary, but prosperity's cultic use, failed kingship, corrupt justice, and Assyrian shame form a coherent warning.

How certain? probable
Research trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006

Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.

Hosea 10:1-8, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Hosea

Supports: Masoretic Hebrew, morphology, syntax, names, wordplay, repetitions, and the base text for translation questions.

Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Hos.xml, 10:1-8

NET Bible: Hosea with translators' notes

Supports: Verse-level translation, textual, grammatical, historical, rhetorical, and uncertainty notes.

NET Bible Hosea PDF, printed pp. 1691-1692, translation and notes on 10:1-8

Hosea

Supports: Whole-book movement, eighth-century setting, literary boundaries, composition, Baal polemic, empire, and verse-level alternatives.

John Day, 'Hosea,' Oxford Bible Commentary, printed pp. 576-577, discussion of 10:1-8

Hosea 4-14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship

Supports: Competing scholarly positions on difficult Hebrew, genre, history, religion, knowledge, metaphor, gender, and composition.

Kelle, 'Hosea 4-14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship,' pp. 318-360; text pp. 318-321, rhetoric pp. 321-324, composition pp. 325-332, history pp. 333-345, theology pp. 346-349, literary and gender analysis pp. 350-360; applied to 10:1-8

Israel, the House of Omri

Supports: Inscription-anchored late northern political history, Pekah, Hoshea, annexation, deportation claims, and the limits of imperial self-presentation.

SAAO, 'Israel, the House of Omri,' with Tiglath-pileser III 42 lines 15b-17a and 44 lines 17-18; historical control for 10:1-8

Sources for This Section

These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.

Biblical text

King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006

eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society

USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.

Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.

Exact location: Hosea 10:1-8, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus

Open source ↗

hebrew text and morphology

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Hosea

Open Scriptures

Open Scriptures, release 2.2

Supports: Masoretic Hebrew, morphology, syntax, names, wordplay, repetitions, and the base text for translation questions.

Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Hos.xml, 10:1-8

Open source ↗

translation and translator notes

NET Bible: Hosea with translators' notes

Biblical Studies Press

Biblical Studies Press, 2006

Supports: Verse-level translation, textual, grammatical, historical, rhetorical, and uncertainty notes.

Exact location: NET Bible Hosea PDF, printed pp. 1691-1692, translation and notes on 10:1-8

Open source ↗

scholarly commentary article

Hosea

John Day

Oxford University Press, in The Oxford Bible Commentary, edited by John Barton and John Muddiman, 2001

Supports: Whole-book movement, eighth-century setting, literary boundaries, composition, Baal polemic, empire, and verse-level alternatives.

Exact location: John Day, 'Hosea,' Oxford Bible Commentary, printed pp. 576-577, discussion of 10:1-8

Open source ↗

peer reviewed research survey

Hosea 4-14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship

Brad E. Kelle

Currents in Biblical Research 8.3, 2010

Supports: Competing scholarly positions on difficult Hebrew, genre, history, religion, knowledge, metaphor, gender, and composition.

Exact location: Kelle, 'Hosea 4-14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship,' pp. 318-360; text pp. 318-321, rhetoric pp. 321-324, composition pp. 325-332, history pp. 333-345, theology pp. 346-349, literary and gender analysis pp. 350-360; applied to 10:1-8

Open source ↗

scholarly historical synthesis with primary inscription links

Israel, the House of Omri

Karen Radner

Assyrian Empire Builders, University College London and Oracc, 2025 digital edition

Supports: Inscription-anchored late northern political history, Pekah, Hoshea, annexation, deportation claims, and the limits of imperial self-presentation.

Exact location: SAAO, 'Israel, the House of Omri,' with Tiglath-pileser III 42 lines 15b-17a and 44 lines 17-18; historical control for 10:1-8

Open source ↗