Luke 22:14–22:23, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
Luke 22:14–22:23
Jesus Interprets the Passover Meal through Suffering and Covenant
He gives bread and cup at a table that already holds a traitor
When the hour is come, he sits down and the twelve apostles with him. With desire he has desired to eat this passover with them before he suffers. He will not eat of it, he says, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. He takes the cup, gives thanks, and says to take it and divide it among themselves, for he will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God shall come. He takes bread, gives thanks, breaks it, and gives it to them: This is my body which is given for you; this do in remembrance of me. Likewise also the cup after supper: This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
Behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is with me on the table. The Son of man goes as it was determined, but woe unto that man by whom he is betrayed. They begin to inquire among themselves which of them it was that should do this thing. Manuscripts vary around the second cup and verses 19b-20; the longer text is ancient and stands in the KJV. Passover, covenant, given body, shed blood, shared cup, and future kingdom all sit on this table. No single later atonement theory exhausts what he does here. Remembrance is not a mood. It is repeating the gift among people who already know a betrayer can sit within reach of the bread.
How this should shape us
Come to the table as a person who needs a given body and a covenant cup, not as someone too clean to sit near failure. Remember him by sharing, and do not pretend that holy meals are safe from betrayal or that one theory of the cross has used up the night.
Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Which judgment needs visible uncertainty?
Best judgment: Manuscripts vary significantly around the second cup and verses 19b-20, though the longer text is ancient and in the KJV. Passover, covenant, sacrifice, fellowship, and future kingdom inform the meal without one atonement theory exhausting it.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact displayed KJV wording, verse order, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and coverage.
Luke 22:14–22:23, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM-derived repository corpus
Supports: Greek wording and sentence relations; the edition is not treated as a complete apparatus.
Faithlife SBLGNT official repository, data/sblgnt/text/Luke.txt, 22:14–22:23
Supports: Greek forms, morphology, and lexical ranges only where the unit discusses them; local syntax controls sense.
STEP Bible Data official repository, TAGNT Matthew-Acts rows for Luke 22:14–22:23
Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, KJV-language clarification, historical notes, Synoptic parallels, and textual alternatives.
NET Bible First Edition Luke PDF, exact tn/tc/sn entries attached to Luke 22:14–22:23
Supports: Critical orientation to the unit's place in Luke-Acts, narrative structure, sources, social questions, Passion, or resurrection.
Yale Bible Study Gospel of Luke course, In Jerusalem study guide, Luke 19:28-22:71; applied to Luke 22:14–22:23
Supports: Current reader-oriented synthesis of anonymity, date, Jewish setting, salvation, marginalized people, parables, wealth, and whole-book movement.
Enter the Bible Luke course, Summary, Outline, Background, Introductory Issues, Theological Themes, Bible in the World, and linked passage index; applied to Luke 22:14–22:23
Supports: One complete confessional reading of the unit, independently checked against critical, textual, and ethical controls.
Bolt, “Luke,” commentary heading and paragraphs explicitly covering Luke 22:14–22:23
Supports: Literary relationship evidence and material alternatives among Luke, Mark, and Matthew without treating dependence as a historicity verdict.
Goodacre, The Synoptic Problem, chapters 1-5 on Synoptic data and Markan priority and chapters 6-10 on Q and Farrer alternatives; applied to Luke 22:14–22:23
Supports: Abstract-supported control against simple anti-Jewish or replacement summaries; not a settlement of every scene.
Smith, JTS 72.2 (2021), official abstract and bibliographic range pp. 738-765; applied only to Jewish continuity and Gentile-inclusion framing in Luke 22:14–22:23
Supports: Critical control for pro-Jewish and anti-Jewish tensions, Roman responsibility, collective blame, and later harm.
Gaston, “Anti-Judaism and the Passion Narrative in Luke and Acts,” complete open essay, especially the sections on Jerusalem warnings, Luke 22-23, Pilate, Herod, Roman execution, collective responsibility, and reception; applied to Luke 22:14–22:23
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact displayed KJV wording, verse order, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and coverage.
Exact location: Luke 22:14–22:23, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM-derived repository corpus
Open source ↗Greek textual evidence
The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition
Michael W. Holmes, editor; Society of Biblical Literature and Logos
Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, 2010
Supports: Greek wording and sentence relations; the edition is not treated as a complete apparatus.
Exact location: Faithlife SBLGNT official repository, data/sblgnt/text/Luke.txt, 22:14–22:23
Open the Luke Greek text file ↗Lexical and grammatical evidence
STEP Bible Data
Tyndale House Cambridge
Tyndale House Cambridge, repository snapshot verified 2026
Supports: Greek forms, morphology, and lexical ranges only where the unit discusses them; local syntax controls sense.
Exact location: STEP Bible Data official repository, TAGNT Matthew-Acts rows for Luke 22:14–22:23
Open source ↗open translation and translator notes
NET Bible First Edition Notes: Luke
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press, 2006
Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, KJV-language clarification, historical notes, Synoptic parallels, and textual alternatives.
Exact location: NET Bible First Edition Luke PDF, exact tn/tc/sn entries attached to Luke 22:14–22:23
Open source ↗open university bible study course
The Gospel of Luke Course and Study Guides
Yale Divinity School faculty
Yale Bible Study, 2020; current online edition
Supports: Critical orientation to the unit's place in Luke-Acts, narrative structure, sources, social questions, Passion, or resurrection.
Exact location: Yale Bible Study Gospel of Luke course, In Jerusalem study guide, Luke 19:28-22:71; applied to Luke 22:14–22:23
Open source ↗modern scholarly book introduction
Luke: Summary, Outline, Background, Introductory Issues, Theological Themes, and Bible in the World
Matthew L. Skinner
Enter the Bible, Luther Seminary, 2024 revision; current course inspected 2026
Supports: Current reader-oriented synthesis of anonymity, date, Jewish setting, salvation, marginalized people, parables, wealth, and whole-book movement.
Exact location: Enter the Bible Luke course, Summary, Outline, Background, Introductory Issues, Theological Themes, Bible in the World, and linked passage index; applied to Luke 22:14–22:23
Open source ↗open confessional commentary
Luke
Peter G. Bolt
The Gospel Coalition Bible Commentary, 2023
Supports: One complete confessional reading of the unit, independently checked against critical, textual, and ethical controls.
Exact location: Bolt, “Luke,” commentary heading and paragraphs explicitly covering Luke 22:14–22:23
Open source ↗modern scholarly open monograph
The Synoptic Problem: A Way Through the Maze
Mark Goodacre
T&T Clark; open access supplied by the author and Duke University, 2001; open release 2011
Supports: Literary relationship evidence and material alternatives among Luke, Mark, and Matthew without treating dependence as a historicity verdict.
Exact location: Goodacre, The Synoptic Problem, chapters 1-5 on Synoptic data and Markan priority and chapters 6-10 on Q and Farrer alternatives; applied to Luke 22:14–22:23
Open source ↗peer reviewed article abstract and metadata
The Jewishness of Luke-Acts: How Recent Scholarship Has Challenged the View that Luke-Acts Is Pro-Gentile and Anti-Jewish
Joshua Paul Smith
The Journal of Theological Studies 72.2, 2021
Supports: Abstract-supported control against simple anti-Jewish or replacement summaries; not a settlement of every scene.
Exact location: Smith, JTS 72.2 (2021), official abstract and bibliographic range pp. 738-765; applied only to Jewish continuity and Gentile-inclusion framing in Luke 22:14–22:23
Open source ↗scholarly essay open html
Anti-Judaism and the Passion Narrative in Luke and Acts
Lloyd Gaston
Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity, vol. 1; Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1986
Supports: Critical control for pro-Jewish and anti-Jewish tensions, Roman responsibility, collective blame, and later harm.
Exact location: Gaston, “Anti-Judaism and the Passion Narrative in Luke and Acts,” complete open essay, especially the sections on Jerusalem warnings, Luke 22-23, Pilate, Herod, Roman execution, collective responsibility, and reception; applied to Luke 22:14–22:23
Open source ↗