Verse Lens · Expanded explanation

Numbers 5:21 Explained in Context

Use this verse as a doorway into the larger passage—not as an isolated saying.

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Verse 21. Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say unto the woman, The LORD make thee a curse and an oath among thy people, when the LORD doth make thy thigh to rot, and thy belly to swell;

King James Version — public domain in the United States · Bible text and permissions

Quick Meaning

Numbers 5:21 within “The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal,” identifies the bodily or sanctuary consequence at this stage; in lightly modernized wording, the clause reads: Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say to the woman, The LORD make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the LORD does make your thigh to rot, and your belly to swell.

Read It With

  • Numbers 5:11–31

Read Numbers 5:21 with 5:11–31. It within “The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal,” identifies the bodily or sanctuary consequence at this stage; in lightly modernized wording, the clause reads: Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say to the woman, The LORD make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the LORD does make your thigh to rot, and your belly to swell. The complete unit establishes this contextual meaning: A husband without witnesses brings his suspected wife to the priest; the woman is exposed to oath, dust-water, written curses, bodily threat, and a grain offering, while the husband bears no stated parallel ordeal.

Why This Verse Appears Here

The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal advances Numbers from Sinai's ordered camp through wilderness failure and generational death toward Moab, succession, and land-facing law. Its particular movement is this: A husband without witnesses brings his suspected wife to the priest; the woman is exposed to oath, dust-water, written curses, bodily threat, and a grain offering, while the husband bears no stated parallel ordeal. At 5:21, the verse within “The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal,” identifies the bodily or sanctuary consequence at this stage; in lightly modernized wording, the clause reads: Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say to the woman, The LORD make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the LORD does make your thigh to rot, and your belly to swell.

Read Numbers 5:11–31 together

Why these verses belong together: Suspicion, priestly procedure, oath, exposure, bodily threat, outcome, and gendered asymmetry cannot be separated responsibly.

Verse 11. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

Verse 12. Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man’s wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him,

Verse 13. And a man lie with her carnally, and it be hid from the eyes of her husband, and be kept close, and she be defiled, and there be no witness against her, neither she be taken with the manner;

Verse 14. And the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be defiled: or if the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be not defiled:

Verse 15. Then shall the man bring his wife unto the priest, and he shall bring her offering for her, the tenth part of an ephah of barley meal; he shall pour no oil upon it, nor put frankincense thereon; for it is an offering of jealousy, an offering of memorial, bringing iniquity to remembrance.

Verse 16. And the priest shall bring her near, and set her before the LORD:

Verse 17. And the priest shall take holy water in an earthen vessel; and of the dust that is in the floor of the tabernacle the priest shall take, and put it into the water:

Verse 18. And the priest shall set the woman before the LORD, and uncover the woman’s head, and put the offering of memorial in her hands, which is the jealousy offering: and the priest shall have in his hand the bitter water that causeth the curse:

Verse 19. And the priest shall charge her by an oath, and say unto the woman, If no man have lain with thee, and if thou hast not gone aside to uncleanness with another instead of thy husband, be thou free from this bitter water that causeth the curse:

Verse 20. But if thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband, and if thou be defiled, and some man have lain with thee beside thine husband:

Verse 21. Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say unto the woman, The LORD make thee a curse and an oath among thy people, when the LORD doth make thy thigh to rot, and thy belly to swell;

Verse 22. And this water that causeth the curse shall go into thy bowels, to make thy belly to swell, and thy thigh to rot: And the woman shall say, Amen, amen.

Verse 23. And the priest shall write these curses in a book, and he shall blot them out with the bitter water:

Verse 24. And he shall cause the woman to drink the bitter water that causeth the curse: and the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her, and become bitter.

Verse 25. Then the priest shall take the jealousy offering out of the woman’s hand, and shall wave the offering before the LORD, and offer it upon the altar:

Verse 26. And the priest shall take an handful of the offering, even the memorial thereof, and burn it upon the altar, and afterward shall cause the woman to drink the water.

Verse 27. And when he hath made her to drink the water, then it shall come to pass, that, if she be defiled, and have done trespass against her husband, that the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her, and become bitter, and her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall rot: and the woman shall be a curse among her people.

Verse 28. And if the woman be not defiled, but be clean; then she shall be free, and shall conceive seed.

Verse 29. This is the law of jealousies, when a wife goeth aside to another instead of her husband, and is defiled;

Verse 30. Or when the spirit of jealousy cometh upon him, and he be jealous over his wife, and shall set the woman before the LORD, and the priest shall execute upon her all this law.

Verse 31. Then shall the man be guiltless from iniquity, and this woman shall bear her iniquity.

Follow the Context

  1. The case begins with possible guilt or innocence under a husband's jealousy.
  2. Priestly actions, oath, water, curse, outcome, and closing asymmetry structure the ordeal.

Phrase-by-Phrase Explanation

“unclean / jealous zeal”

In plain language: Ritual status and a husband's jealousy are different categories; neither supplies a modern diagnosis or proof of guilt.

Ritual status and a husband's jealousy are different categories; neither supplies a modern diagnosis or proof of guilt. Within Numbers 5:11–31, it helps interpret this verse's role: within “The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal,” identifies the bodily or sanctuary consequence at this stage; in lightly modernized wording, the clause reads: Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say to the woman, The LORD make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the LORD does make your thigh to rot, and your belly to swell.

Why it matters: Interpreters debate ritual logic, compositional history, actual practice, gendered power, symbolic meaning, medical analogies, and later reception. No source permits a modern diagnosis or a claim that the vulnerable person deserved exclusion. For “The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal,” confidence is strongest in the received unit's stated sequence and literary function; source, date, demography, geography, mechanism, archaeology, and historical reconstruction remain probable, plausible, or uncertain as the evidence warrants.

How certain? probable

What This Verse Is Not Saying

This ordeal does not authorize abuse, forced confession, coercive exposure, pregnancy or fertility testing, medical claims, survivor blame, or a husband's control over an adult woman's body.

What Remains True

Because Numbers 5:21 within “The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal,” identifies the bodily or sanctuary consequence at this stage; in lightly modernized wording, the clause reads: Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say to the woman, The LORD make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the LORD does make your thigh to rot, and your belly to swell, its proportionate enduring truth is this: Communities must distinguish ritual language, medical evidence, moral responsibility, privacy, consent, and equal dignity instead of turning bodily difference into blame. This unit also keeps the following boundary explicit: This ordeal does not authorize abuse, forced confession, coercive exposure, pregnancy or fertility testing, medical claims, survivor blame, or a husband's control over an adult woman's body.

How It Can Shape Life

  • Verse role: Numbers 5:21 within “The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal,” identifies the bodily or sanctuary consequence at this stage; in lightly modernized wording, the clause reads: Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say to the woman, The LORD make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the LORD does make your thigh to rot, and your belly to swell. Contextual meaning: A husband without witnesses brings his suspected wife to the priest; the woman is exposed to oath, dust-water, written curses, bodily threat, and a grain offering, while the husband bears no stated parallel ordeal. Proportionate enduring truth: Communities must distinguish ritual language, medical evidence, moral responsibility, privacy, consent, and equal dignity instead of turning bodily difference into blame. This unit also keeps the following boundary explicit: This ordeal does not authorize abuse, forced confession, coercive exposure, pregnancy or fertility testing, medical claims, survivor blame, or a husband's control over an adult woman's body. Application: Use precise nonstigmatizing language, qualified medical care, consent-based safeguards, time-bounded restrictions when genuinely necessary, and independent protection for anyone subject to another person's accusation. For “The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal,” begin with the actors, power differences, and consequences named in this exact unit rather than borrowing a slogan from a neighboring verse.

Teach It Back

Explain why Numbers 5:21 within “The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal,” identifies the bodily or sanctuary consequence at this stage; in lightly modernized wording, the clause reads: Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say to the woman, The LORD make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the LORD does make your thigh to rot, and your belly to swell. Use 5:11–31, state one Hebrew, textual, legal, historical, or compositional limit, identify one person or group at risk, and reject one conclusion the verse does not authorize.

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Continue in Context

The full thought-unit study remains the final contextual authority for this Verse Lens.

Read Numbers 5:11–31 — The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal
Sources used for this Verse Lens

How certain is this explanation? probable

Where care is needed

Numbers 5:21 remains within this thought-unit limit: Interpreters debate ritual logic, compositional history, actual practice, gendered power, symbolic meaning, medical analogies, and later reception. No source permits a modern diagnosis or a claim that the vulnerable person deserved exclusion. For “The Suspected Wife Faces a Jealousy Ordeal,” confidence is strongest in the received unit's stated sequence and literary function; source, date, demography, geography, mechanism, archaeology, and historical reconstruction remain probable, plausible, or uncertain as the evidence warrants.

These are the sources used directly for this lens. Language, grammar, disagreements, and the complete source shelf remain attached to the full thought-unit research record.

Biblical text

King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006

eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society

USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.

Supports: Exact reader-facing KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.

Exact location: Numbers 5:11–31, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus

Open source ↗

hebrew text and morphology

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Numbers

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible Project

Open Scriptures, release 2.2, 2021

Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, numbers, speeches, poems, legal clauses, older-English controls, and translation limits.

Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Num.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 5:11–31

Open source ↗

translation and translator notes

NET Bible: Numbers with translators' notes

Biblical Studies Press

eBible.org distribution of the NET Bible, source files dated 2026-08-08

Supports: Unit-bounded translation, syntax, lexical, ritual, legal, number, name, poetic, and selected textual notes; silence is not evidence.

Exact location: NET Bible Numbers PDF, complete 134-page PDF, translation and translator notes attached to 5:11–31

Open source ↗

modern critical open study guide

Numbers Part 1

Yale Bible Study

Yale Divinity School, 2023 course edition

Supports: Final-form movement, wilderness setting, census and camp, complaint, leadership, composition, and ethical framing.

Exact location: Yale Bible Study, Numbers Part 1, complete study guide sections “Introduction,” “At Sinai (1:1–10:10),” “From Sinai to Moab (10:11–22:1),” and “Composition,” applied to Numbers 5:11–31

Open source ↗

modern jewish scholarly open legal and literary study

The Sotah Ritual: Permitting a Jealous Husband to Remain with His Wife

Hanna Liss

TheTorah.com, 2019

Supports: Ancient ordeal procedure, possible social function, coercion, bodily threat, and limits on modern transfer.

Exact location: TheTorah, “The Sotah Ritual: Permitting a Jealous Husband to Remain with His Wife,” complete sections on suspicion, priestly procedure, curse, dust-water, outcome, later reception, and gendered risk, applied to Numbers 5:11–31

Open source ↗
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