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Philemon 1:23–25, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
Philemon 1:23–25
Coworkers Greet the Church and Grace Closes the Letter
The coworkers greet a church that must now live the appeal
Epaphras, a fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus, greets Philemon, and so do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, Paul’s fellow workers. The letter closes in a circle of named people, not in a sealed envelope. Onesimus is not a private embarrassment to be handled offstage. The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ is invoked upon their spirit — the shared life of the household church that has heard every line.
Grace here is not a soft ending after a hard ask. It is the Lord Jesus Christ’s grace over the people who must now receive a brother. A church that can list coworkers and still treat a person as property has not received the closing. The greeting does not baptize the old household order. It names a company in which Onesimus is to be a beloved brother, and it leaves that company under grace, not under Philemon’s title to a human being.
How this should shape us
Do not bury a hard appeal about a person in a private channel. Let the people who work with you greet one another, and let grace rest on the whole room. If your church or workplace can name every coworker in a closing line and still cannot name the person who was treated as useful property, this letter has not reached your house yet.
Teach it back
Explain Philemon 1:23–25 in your own words. Include its place in the appeal, one explicit textual observation, one important uncertainty, and one conclusion the passage does not permit.
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Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters disagree?
Best judgment: Interpreters compare the names with Colossians to locate the letter and reconstruct its delivery. The correspondence makes Colossae a strong probability, but Philemon's greeting list alone does not identify the city, date, carrier, or later histories of the named people.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: The exact KJV wording and immediate English context for Philemon 1:23–25.
eBible/CrossWire eng-kjv2006 USFM, source files dated 2026-08-19, Philemon 1:23–25; archive and normalized-corpus SHA-256 values are recorded in the library policy.
Supports: The critically edited Greek wording, pronoun number, connective structure, and relevant lexical forms.
Official SBLGNT repository, data/sblgnt/text/Phlm.txt, Phlm 1:23–25.
Supports: Material translation choices, difficult syntax, and textual variants checked at the cited verses.
NET Bible, Philemon 1, translator, study, and textual notes attached to verses 23–25.
Supports: Modern historical and verse-level checks on authorship, setting, slavery, rhetoric, reconstruction limits, and interpretive alternatives.
Barbara Geller, Philemon introduction and annotations in The Jewish Annotated New Testament, 2nd ed., print p. 405.
Supports: Greek syntax, historical parallels, older interpretive options, and commentary checked selectively against primary evidence and newer scholarship.
J. B. Lightfoot, Saint Paul's Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, 8th ed., commentary pp. 345–346.
Supports: A morphology and lexical-range cross-check for the reader-facing original-language notes.
STEP Bible Data repository, TAGNT and Greek lexical records, Philemon 1:23–25.
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: The exact KJV wording and immediate English context for Philemon 1:23–25.
Exact location: eBible/CrossWire eng-kjv2006 USFM, source files dated 2026-08-19, Philemon 1:23–25; archive and normalized-corpus SHA-256 values are recorded in the library policy.
Open source ↗Greek textual evidence
The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition
Michael W. Holmes, editor; Society of Biblical Literature and Logos
Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, 2010
Supports: The critically edited Greek wording, pronoun number, connective structure, and relevant lexical forms.
Exact location: Official SBLGNT repository, data/sblgnt/text/Phlm.txt, Phlm 1:23–25.
Open the Philemon Greek text file ↗Translation and textual notes
NET Bible — Philemon with translators' notes
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press, digital edition accessed 2026
Supports: Material translation choices, difficult syntax, and textual variants checked at the cited verses.
Exact location: NET Bible, Philemon 1, translator, study, and textual notes attached to verses 23–25.
Open NET Philemon 1 ↗modern annotated new testament
Philemon introduction and annotations in The Jewish Annotated New Testament, second edition
Barbara Geller; edited by Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Zvi Brettler
Oxford University Press, 2017
Supports: Modern historical and verse-level checks on authorship, setting, slavery, rhetoric, reconstruction limits, and interpretive alternatives.
Exact location: Barbara Geller, Philemon introduction and annotations in The Jewish Annotated New Testament, 2nd ed., print p. 405.
Open source ↗public domain critical commentary
Saint Paul's Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, eighth edition
J. B. Lightfoot
Macmillan, 1886
Supports: Greek syntax, historical parallels, older interpretive options, and commentary checked selectively against primary evidence and newer scholarship.
Exact location: J. B. Lightfoot, Saint Paul's Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, 8th ed., commentary pp. 345–346.
Open source ↗Lexical and grammatical evidence
STEP Bible Data
Tyndale House Cambridge
Tyndale House Cambridge, repository snapshot verified 2026
Supports: A morphology and lexical-range cross-check for the reader-facing original-language notes.
Exact location: STEP Bible Data repository, TAGNT and Greek lexical records, Philemon 1:23–25.
Open source ↗