Revelation 19:1-10, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
Revelation 19:1-10
Heaven Praises Judgment and the Lamb's Marriage
Hallelujah answers the fallen city, then the Lamb's marriage
After these things John hears a great voice of much people in heaven saying, Alleluia; Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord our God. True and righteous are his judgments: he hath judged the great whore, which did corrupt the earth with her fornication, and hath avenged the blood of his servants at her hand. Again they say Alleluia, and her smoke rose up for ever and ever. The twenty-four elders and four living creatures fall down and worship, saying Amen, Alleluia. A voice from the throne calls all servants, small and great, to praise. Then a multitude like many waters and mighty thunderings says, Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth.
Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for the marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready. To her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints. The bride's linen is granted, not seized. Marriage imagery answers the city's prostitution metaphor, but it does not authorize ownership of a spouse, forced marriage, or gender hierarchy. Praise of judgment is ethically hard; it belongs to God and must not become human delight in suffering.
John is stopped from worshiping the messenger
The angel says, Write, Blessed are they which are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb. These are the true sayings of God. John falls at his feet to worship him. The angel refuses: See thou do it not. I am thy fellowservant, and of thy brethren that have the testimony of Jesus. Worship God: for the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.
Even a true heavenly speaker is a fellow servant. Spiritual experience does not make a messenger worthy of worship. The blessed are the invited, not a caste of owners of the Lamb.
How this should shape us
Praise God for putting a stop to a blood economy, and keep that praise from turning cruel. Receive the granted linen as a way of life, not a ranking of genders, and refuse to worship any messenger, however dazzling.
Teach it back
Explain Revelation 19:1-10 in your own words. Include its place in Revelation's visionary movement, one major interpretive uncertainty, one Old Testament or first-century control, and one use the passage does not authorize.
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Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters differ?
Best judgment: Marriage imagery changes the female-city contrast but still requires gender care. The smoke and vengeance praise are ethically difficult; worship belongs to God, and testimony's relation to prophecy is interpreted in more than one way.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact reader-facing KJV wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete coverage.
Revelation 19:1-10, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Supports: Greek wording and sentence relations checked independently of the KJV.
Faithlife SBLGNT official repository, data/sblgnt/text/Revelation.txt, 19:1-10
Supports: Greek form, morphology, and lexical-range cross-check; lexical data does not decide context by itself.
STEP Bible Data official repository, TAGNT Acts–Revelation data, rows for 19:1-10
Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, textual variants, imagery, cross-references, and stated alternatives.
NET Bible Revelation PDF, printed pp. 2408–2447, 19:1-10 and attached translator/textual notes
Supports: Revelation's textual transmission, KJV/TR history, local uncertainty, and limits of reconstructing an earliest text.
Hernández, 'The Greek Text of Revelation,' author preprint, sections on textual plurality, Textus Receptus, Erasmus, manuscript recovery, Hoskier, Schmid, and Text und Textwert; local implications for 19:1-10
Supports: Methodological control for verbal, thematic, structural, authorial, reader, and later intertextual claims.
Moyise, 'Intertextuality and the Use of Scripture in the Book of Revelation?' pp. 391–401; allusion-method discussion applied to 19:1-10
Supports: Authorship, date, audience, genre, cycles, Roman setting, Lamb-shaped conquest, and limits on persecution reconstructions.
Oxford Handbook authorized preview: Koester, 'Revelation in Its Historical and Theological Context,' printed pp. 1–20; Reddish, 'The Genre of the Book of Revelation,' printed pp. 21–32; applied to 19:1-10
Supports: Reader-first whole-book context, Roman Asia, symbolism, worship, judgment, endurance, and responsible reception.
Enter the Bible Revelation course, sections Summary, Outline, Background, Introductory Issues, Theological Themes, and Bible in the World; applied to 19:1-10
Supports: Full confessional commentary, Greek observations, Old Testament links, four major interpretive approaches, millennial options, and application.
Tabb, 'Revelation,' commentary heading covering Revelation 19:1-10 plus Introduction and Theology
Supports: Gendered rhetoric, Roman power, faithful witness, worship, nonviolent application, and new creation.
Kirby, 'The Book of Revelation: Following the Lamb,' printed pp. 466–484, especially Gender and Violence, imperial setting, literary features, and Following the Lamb; applied to 19:1-10
Supports: Violent imagery, worship, witness, repentance, Lamb-shaped conquest, creation, and the unresolved divine-violence problem.
Decock, 'Images of War and Creation, Violence and Non-Violence in the Revelation of John,' complete article, sections 1–5; applied to 19:1-10
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact reader-facing KJV wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete coverage.
Exact location: Revelation 19:1-10, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Open source ↗Greek textual evidence
The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition
Michael W. Holmes, editor; Society of Biblical Literature and Logos
Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, 2010
Supports: Greek wording and sentence relations checked independently of the KJV.
Exact location: Faithlife SBLGNT official repository, data/sblgnt/text/Revelation.txt, 19:1-10
Open the Revelation Greek text file ↗Lexical and grammatical evidence
STEP Bible Data
Tyndale House Cambridge
Tyndale House Cambridge, repository snapshot verified 2026
Supports: Greek form, morphology, and lexical-range cross-check; lexical data does not decide context by itself.
Exact location: STEP Bible Data official repository, TAGNT Acts–Revelation data, rows for 19:1-10
Open source ↗Translation and textual notes
NET Bible — Revelation with translators' and textual notes
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press, 2005–2026 online edition
Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, textual variants, imagery, cross-references, and stated alternatives.
Exact location: NET Bible Revelation PDF, printed pp. 2408–2447, 19:1-10 and attached translator/textual notes
Open the official NET Revelation PDF ↗peer reviewed handbook chapter author preprint
The Greek Text of Revelation
Juan Hernández Jr.
The Oxford Handbook of the Book of Revelation, 2020
Supports: Revelation's textual transmission, KJV/TR history, local uncertainty, and limits of reconstructing an earliest text.
Exact location: Hernández, 'The Greek Text of Revelation,' author preprint, sections on textual plurality, Textus Receptus, Erasmus, manuscript recovery, Hoskier, Schmid, and Text und Textwert; local implications for 19:1-10
Open Hernández's author-uploaded preprint ↗peer reviewed open access article
Intertextuality and the Use of Scripture in the Book of Revelation?
Steve Moyise
Scriptura 84, 2003; online record 2013
Supports: Methodological control for verbal, thematic, structural, authorial, reader, and later intertextual claims.
Exact location: Moyise, 'Intertextuality and the Use of Scripture in the Book of Revelation?' pp. 391–401; allusion-method discussion applied to 19:1-10
Open Moyise's Scripture-use article ↗modern scholarly handbook preview
The Oxford Handbook of the Book of Revelation — publisher preview
Craig R. Koester, editor; chapters by Craig R. Koester and Mitchell G. Reddish
Oxford University Press, 2020
Supports: Authorship, date, audience, genre, cycles, Roman setting, Lamb-shaped conquest, and limits on persecution reconstructions.
Exact location: Oxford Handbook authorized preview: Koester, 'Revelation in Its Historical and Theological Context,' printed pp. 1–20; Reddish, 'The Genre of the Book of Revelation,' printed pp. 21–32; applied to 19:1-10
Open the Oxford Handbook preview ↗modern scholarly book introduction
Revelation course: summary, outline, background, introductory issues, theological themes, and Bible in the world
Craig R. Koester and Kristofer Phan Coffman
Enter the Bible, Luther Seminary, current online course inspected 2026
Supports: Reader-first whole-book context, Roman Asia, symbolism, worship, judgment, endurance, and responsible reception.
Exact location: Enter the Bible Revelation course, sections Summary, Outline, Background, Introductory Issues, Theological Themes, and Bible in the World; applied to 19:1-10
Open the Enter the Bible Revelation course ↗modern open commentary
Revelation
Brian J. Tabb
The Gospel Coalition Bible Commentary, 2023 online edition
Supports: Full confessional commentary, Greek observations, Old Testament links, four major interpretive approaches, millennial options, and application.
Exact location: Tabb, 'Revelation,' commentary heading covering Revelation 19:1-10 plus Introduction and Theology
Open Tabb's Revelation commentary ↗modern open scholarly book chapter
The Book of Revelation: Following the Lamb
D. Jill Kirby
Religious Studies Center, in New Testament History, Culture, and Society, 2019
Supports: Gendered rhetoric, Roman power, faithful witness, worship, nonviolent application, and new creation.
Exact location: Kirby, 'The Book of Revelation: Following the Lamb,' printed pp. 466–484, especially Gender and Violence, imperial setting, literary features, and Following the Lamb; applied to 19:1-10
Open Kirby's Revelation chapter ↗peer reviewed open access article
Images of War and Creation, Violence and Non-Violence in the Revelation of John
Paul Decock
HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 64.4, 2008
Supports: Violent imagery, worship, witness, repentance, Lamb-shaped conquest, creation, and the unresolved divine-violence problem.
Exact location: Decock, 'Images of War and Creation, Violence and Non-Violence in the Revelation of John,' complete article, sections 1–5; applied to 19:1-10
Open Decock's violence article ↗