Verse Lens · Expanded explanation
1 Samuel 28:14 Explained in Context
Use this verse as a doorway into the larger passage—not as an isolated saying.
Verse 14. 14And he said unto her, What form is he of? And she said, An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a mantle. And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the ground, and bowed himself.
King James Version — public domain in the United States · Bible text and permissions
Quick Meaning
Has Saul infer Samuel from an old man's mantle-clad appearance.
Read It With
- 1 Samuel 28:7–28:14
The line at 1 Samuel 28:14 has Saul infer Samuel from an old man's mantle-clad appearance. Its place in 1 Samuel 28:7–28:14 matters because Saul orders servants to find a medium, disguises himself, goes by night, pressures the fearful woman, swears immunity, requests Samuel, and asks what she sees.
Why This Verse Appears Here
At verse 28:14, the scene has Saul infer Samuel from an old man's mantle-clad appearance. That movement matters to “Disguised Saul coerces the woman at Endor” while the unit's uncertainty and ethical boundary continue to govern application.
Follow the Context
- Opening movement: Saul orders servants to find a medium, disguises himself, goes by night, pressures the fearful woman, swears immunity, requests Samuel.
- Developing movement or outcome: asks what she sees.
Phrase-by-Phrase Explanation
“an old man ... covered with a mantle”
In plain language: The woman reports a figure Saul identifies as Samuel.
The apparition's metaphysical identity remains disputed.
Why it matters: The story does not give a reproducible practice or settle every supernatural theory.
How certain? probableWhat This Verse Is Not Saying
First Samuel 28:14 does not stand alone from 1 Samuel 28:7–28:14: it has Saul infer Samuel from an old man's mantle-clad appearance. The episode does not endorse séances, pejoratively label the woman a witch, demonize women, or excuse a ruler who endangers someone then demands her service.
What Remains True
Has Saul infer Samuel from an old man's mantle-clad appearance. Within 1 Samuel 28:7–28:14, this contribution supports the unit's enduring claim: The durable responsibility is to protect people from detached uses of this scene while retaining its warranted claim: Saul orders servants to find a medium, disguises himself, goes by night, pressures the fearful woman, swears immunity, requests Samuel, and asks what she sees.
How It Can Shape Life
- Has Saul infer Samuel from an old man's mantle-clad appearance. The proportionate response is therefore the one traced from the complete unit: Where power creates danger like the harm exposed in “Disguised Saul coerces the woman at Endor,” protect the people at risk, establish the facts, use accountable safeguarding and lawful intervention, and refuse retaliation or silence. The episode does not endorse séances, pejoratively label the woman a witch, demonize women, or excuse a ruler who endangers someone then demands her service.
Teach It Back
Explain 1 Samuel 28:14's precise role in 1 Samuel 28:7–28:14. Include the first historical horizon, material uncertainty, one person or cost a leader-centered reading could obscure, and one conclusion this verse does not authorize.
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Continue in Context
The full thought-unit study remains the final contextual authority for this Verse Lens.
Read 1 Samuel 28:7–28:14 — Disguised Saul coerces the woman at EndorSources used for this Verse Lens
How certain is this explanation? probable
Where care is needed
Whether the woman sees Samuel, a divinely permitted apparition, a deceptive spirit, a vision, or a literary phenomenon remains disputed; the text does not supply a technique.
These are the sources used directly for this lens. Language, grammar, disagreements, and the complete source shelf remain attached to the full thought-unit research record.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact displayed KJV words, verse order, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete unit coverage.
Exact location: 1 Samuel 28:7–28:14, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM-derived repository corpus
Open source ↗hebrew text and morphology
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: 1 Samuel
Open Scriptures
Open Scriptures, release 2.2
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew wording and morphology, with the two KJV-Hebrew versification shifts stated rather than silently offset.
Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/1Sam.xml, OSIS 28:7–28:14; KJV 20:42 spans Hebrew 20:42–21:1, KJV 21:1–15 maps to Hebrew 21:2–16, KJV 23:29 maps to Hebrew 24:1, and KJV 24:1–22 maps to Hebrew 24:2–23
Open source ↗translation and translator notes
NET Bible First Edition Notes: 1 Samuel
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press, 2006
Supports: Only the translator notes actually printed for these verses, used for lexical, grammatical, textual, historical, and older-English controls.
Exact location: NET Bible First Edition Notes, 1 Samuel PDF, printed pp. 504–543, exact tc/tn/sn entries attached to 28:7–28:14
Open source ↗peer reviewed scholarly article
The Medium of Endor and Saul
David J. Zucker
Jewish Bible Quarterly 48.4, 2020
Supports: Thematic and reception guidance for terminology and the encounter; not a complete commentary or a settlement of the apparition's metaphysics.
Exact location: Zucker, 'The Medium of Endor and Saul,' Jewish Bible Quarterly 48.4 (2020), pp. 235–244, including 'Medium, Necromancer, or Witch?'
Open source ↗scholarly monograph abstract and contents
Divine Violence in the Book of Samuel
Rachelle Gilmour
Oxford University Press, 2021 online; 2022 print
Supports: One literary, ethical, and political account of divine and human violence; publisher-visible scope does not establish consensus.
Exact location: Gilmour, Divine Violence in the Book of Samuel (2021/2022), official abstract and TOC: relevant discussion for 1 Samuel 28:7–28:14, including 1 Samuel 12 pp. 71–81, Saul's rejection pp. 90–139, Eli's house pp. 140–150, or ark violence pp. 154–185 as applicable
Open source ↗public scholarly essay
Mental Illness, Evil Spirits, and Scripture
Joel Baden
Yale Divinity School Reflections, undated page; accessed 2026-08-29
Supports: Public scholarly control against equating ancient spirit language with modern diagnosis, evil, rejection, or violence; not clinical assessment.
Exact location: Baden, 'Mental Illness, Evil Spirits, and Scripture,' Yale Reflections, sections 'Readings and Misreadings,' 'Sorting Out the Frameworks,' and 'Interpretive Circle,' accessed 2026-08-29
Open source ↗