2 Kings 23:4–14, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
2 Kings 23:4–14
Josiah removes cult objects, personnel, and sites
Vessels, priests, and the grove leave the house of the LORD
Josiah commands Hilkiah, the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door to bring forth out of the temple all the vessels made for Baal, for the grove, and for all the host of heaven. He burns them in the fields of Kidron and carries the ashes to Bethel. He puts down the idolatrous priests whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places of Judah and around Jerusalem, and those who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, moon, planets, and host of heaven.
He brings out the grove from the house of the LORD to the brook Kidron, burns it, stamps it to powder, and casts the powder upon the graves of the children of the people. He breaks down the houses of the qedeshim that were by the house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for the grove. The KJV word 'sodomites' renders that disputed cultic-personnel term. It must not be used as a slur, and this scene must not be used to harm LGBTQ people or to police gender minorities.
High places, Topheth, sun horses, and older royal altars are defiled
He brings priests from the cities of Judah and defiles the high places from Geba to Beersheba. Those priests do not come up to the LORD's altar in Jerusalem; they eat unleavened bread among their brethren. He defiles Topheth in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no one might make a son or daughter pass through the fire to Molech. He takes away the horses given to the sun and burns the chariots of the sun. He beats down altars on Ahaz's upper chamber and altars Manasseh had made in the courts, and casts the dust into Kidron.
The high places before Jerusalem which Solomon had built for Ashtoreth, Chemosh, and Milcom he defiles. Images are broken, groves cut down, and their places filled with the bones of men. Ancient covenant reform here includes coercion, grave dust, and the treatment of sites and bodies. Many offices and KJV terms remain textually and archaeologically difficult. The account evaluates Judah's worship in its own history. It does not authorize attacks on living religious communities, houses of worship, graves, or people associated with condemned practices, and it is not a theocratic demolition program for a modern state.
How this should shape us
Tell the truth about Josiah's zeal without copying the wrecking. Protect children from fire and people from slurs. Refuse any present campaign that uses this chapter to smash a neighbor's holy place, desecrate a grave, or target a living community.
Teach it back
Explain 2 Kings 23:4–14 in your own words. Include its movement, one source-supported detail, one material uncertainty, one affected or obscured person, and one misuse the complete context rules out.
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Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters disagree?
Best judgment: Many offices, objects, sites, and KJV terms are textually or archaeologically difficult; ancient covenant reform is not a modern religious-violence program.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact reader-facing KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.
2 Kings 23:4–14, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, royal formulas, clause relationships, older-English controls, and translation limits.
Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/2Kgs.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 23:4–14
Supports: A unit-bounded translation comparison plus only the lexical, grammatical, textual, historical, or older-English notes actually printed for these verses; silence is not treated as evidence.
NET Bible 2 Kings PDF, printed pp. 663–665, translation and translator notes for 23:4–14
Supports: Unit-level literary, compositional, historical, and theological orientation used as one concise scholarly synthesis rather than consensus.
Dietrich, '1 and 2 Kings,' Oxford Bible Commentary (2001), printed pp. 261–265, exposition covering 2 Kings 23:4–14
Supports: Only publisher-visible framing of authorship, dating, Deuteronomistic History, redaction stages, sources, and Elijah-Elisha collections.
Romer, 'Theories of the Composition of the Books of Kings,' Oxford Handbook (2024), official abstract and metadata for pp. 98–122
Supports: Only publisher-visible framing for Judah under Israelite, Assyrian, Egyptian, and Babylonian power using texts, inscriptions, and archaeology with limits.
Hasegawa, 'History and Archaeology: The Kingdom of Judah,' Oxford Handbook (2024), official abstract and metadata for pp. 243–257
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact reader-facing KJV wording, paragraph metadata, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage for this thought unit.
Exact location: 2 Kings 23:4–14, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Open source ↗hebrew text and morphology
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: 2 Kings
Open Scriptures
Open Scriptures, release 2.2
Supports: Hebrew wording, morphology, names, royal formulas, clause relationships, older-English controls, and translation limits.
Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/2Kgs.xml, Masoretic words and morphology for 23:4–14
Open source ↗translation and translator notes
NET Bible: 2 Kings with translators' notes
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press, 2006
Supports: A unit-bounded translation comparison plus only the lexical, grammatical, textual, historical, or older-English notes actually printed for these verses; silence is not treated as evidence.
Exact location: NET Bible 2 Kings PDF, printed pp. 663–665, translation and translator notes for 23:4–14
Open source ↗scholarly commentary chapter
1 and 2 Kings
Walter Dietrich
The Oxford Bible Commentary, Oxford University Press, 2001
Supports: Unit-level literary, compositional, historical, and theological orientation used as one concise scholarly synthesis rather than consensus.
Exact location: Dietrich, '1 and 2 Kings,' Oxford Bible Commentary (2001), printed pp. 261–265, exposition covering 2 Kings 23:4–14
Open source ↗scholarly handbook chapter abstract and metadata
Theories of the Composition of the Books of Kings
Thomas Romer
The Oxford Handbook of the Books of Kings, Oxford University Press, 2024
Supports: Only publisher-visible framing of authorship, dating, Deuteronomistic History, redaction stages, sources, and Elijah-Elisha collections.
Exact location: Romer, 'Theories of the Composition of the Books of Kings,' Oxford Handbook (2024), official abstract and metadata for pp. 98–122
Open source ↗scholarly handbook chapter abstract and metadata
History and Archaeology: The Kingdom of Judah
Shuichi Hasegawa
The Oxford Handbook of the Books of Kings, Oxford University Press, 2024
Supports: Only publisher-visible framing for Judah under Israelite, Assyrian, Egyptian, and Babylonian power using texts, inscriptions, and archaeology with limits.
Exact location: Hasegawa, 'History and Archaeology: The Kingdom of Judah,' Oxford Handbook (2024), official abstract and metadata for pp. 243–257
Open source ↗