Hosea 12:7-14, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
Hosea 12:7-14
Deceptive Scales and Self-Made Wealth Meet Exodus, Prophets, and Jacob's Service
He is a merchant: the balances of deceit are in his hand
He is a merchant, the balances of deceit are in his hand: he loveth to oppress. The same Hebrew can say Canaanite. The action that controls the word is fraudulent scales, not an ethnic nature. Ephraim said, Yet I am become rich, I have found me out substance: in all my labours they shall find none iniquity in me that were sin.
Wealth plus undetected guilt is offered as self-vindication. And I that am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt will yet make thee to dwell in tabernacles, as in the days of the solemn feast. Booths may threaten wilderness loss, promise encounter, echo a feast, or several of these. They do not schedule prosperity or homelessness for a reader.
Prophets, Gilead heaps, and a man who served for a wife
I have also spoken by the prophets, and I have multiplied visions, and used similitudes, by the ministry of the prophets. Is there iniquity in Gilead? surely they are vanity: they sacrifice bullocks in Gilgal; yea, their altars are as heaps in the furrows of the fields.
Jacob fled into the country of Syria, and Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep. And by a prophet the LORD brought Israel out of Egypt, and by a prophet was he preserved. Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly: therefore shall he leave his blood upon him. Humble service and prophetic rescue answer the boast. Canaanite and merchant must not become slurs. Visions still want testing. Money still wants honest measures.
How this should shape us
Audit the actual scales — prices, contracts, algorithms, wages — instead of accepting profit as innocence. Do not ethnicize the merchant, and do not let a clean legal record replace non-oppressive practice.
Teach it back
Explain Hosea 12:7-14 in your own words. Include its place in Hosea's prophetic movement, one material uncertainty, and one use the context rules out.
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Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters disagree?
Best judgment: Commercial term, booth image, cult sites, ancestor logic, and final accountability remain open in detail. False scales and self-vindicating wealth are direct.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.
Hosea 12:7-14, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew, morphology, syntax, names, wordplay, repetitions, and the base text for translation questions.
Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Hos.xml, 12:7-14
Supports: Verse-level translation, textual, grammatical, historical, rhetorical, and uncertainty notes.
NET Bible Hosea PDF, printed pp. 1695, translation and notes on 12:7-14
Supports: Whole-book movement, eighth-century setting, literary boundaries, composition, Baal polemic, empire, and verse-level alternatives.
John Day, 'Hosea,' Oxford Bible Commentary, printed pp. 577-578, discussion of 12:7-14
Supports: Competing scholarly positions on difficult Hebrew, genre, history, religion, knowledge, metaphor, gender, and composition.
Kelle, 'Hosea 4-14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship,' pp. 318-360; text pp. 318-321, rhetoric pp. 321-324, composition pp. 325-332, history pp. 333-345, theology pp. 346-349, literary and gender analysis pp. 350-360; applied to 12:7-14
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.
Exact location: Hosea 12:7-14, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Open source ↗hebrew text and morphology
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Hosea
Open Scriptures
Open Scriptures, release 2.2
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew, morphology, syntax, names, wordplay, repetitions, and the base text for translation questions.
Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Hos.xml, 12:7-14
Open source ↗translation and translator notes
NET Bible: Hosea with translators' notes
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press, 2006
Supports: Verse-level translation, textual, grammatical, historical, rhetorical, and uncertainty notes.
Exact location: NET Bible Hosea PDF, printed pp. 1695, translation and notes on 12:7-14
Open source ↗scholarly commentary article
Hosea
John Day
Oxford University Press, in The Oxford Bible Commentary, edited by John Barton and John Muddiman, 2001
Supports: Whole-book movement, eighth-century setting, literary boundaries, composition, Baal polemic, empire, and verse-level alternatives.
Exact location: John Day, 'Hosea,' Oxford Bible Commentary, printed pp. 577-578, discussion of 12:7-14
Open source ↗peer reviewed research survey
Hosea 4-14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship
Brad E. Kelle
Currents in Biblical Research 8.3, 2010
Supports: Competing scholarly positions on difficult Hebrew, genre, history, religion, knowledge, metaphor, gender, and composition.
Exact location: Kelle, 'Hosea 4-14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship,' pp. 318-360; text pp. 318-321, rhetoric pp. 321-324, composition pp. 325-332, history pp. 333-345, theology pp. 346-349, literary and gender analysis pp. 350-360; applied to 12:7-14
Open source ↗