Hosea 13:1-8, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
Hosea 13:1-8
Baal, Handmade Calves, Satisfied Pride, and Forgotten Exodus Lead to Predator Images
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling; then Baal, then death
When Ephraim spake trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended in Baal, he died. The opening syntax can mean causing tremble or speaking with weight. The turn is the point: prestige collapses through Baal guilt. And now they sin more and more, and have made them molten images of their silver, and idols according to their own understanding, all of it the work of the craftsmen: they say of them, Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves.
The kiss-and-sacrifice line is compressed. It will not bear a confident reconstruction of human sacrifice without more evidence. Craft origin exposes the gods. Skilled work as such is not the crime.
They were filled, and their heart was exalted; therefore have they forgotten me
Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the early dew that passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the whirlwind out of the floor, and as the smoke out of the chimney. Yet I am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt, and thou shalt know no god but me: for there is no saviour beside me. I did know thee in the wilderness, in the land of great drought.
According to their pasture, so were they filled; they were filled, and their heart was exalted; therefore have they forgotten me. Therefore I will be unto them as a lion: as a leopard by the way will I observe them: I will meet them as a bear that is bereaved of her whelps. Predator images reverse pastoral care into terror. They do not authorize mauling, torture, or violent punishment. The bereaved bear does not stigmatize women, mothers, or grief. Fullness does not always create pride; here it did, because the giver was forgotten.
How this should shape us
In a fat season, keep the memory of dependence and keep leaders reviewable. Do not imitate the predators, and do not turn a disputed calf-line into a sensational charge.
Teach it back
Explain Hosea 13:1-8 in your own words. Include its place in Hosea's prophetic movement, one material uncertainty, and one use the context rules out.
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Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters disagree?
Best judgment: The opening syntax and calf-kissing line remain especially uncertain. Exclusive exodus memory, remembered provision, pride, forgetting, and predator judgment provide the safe center.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.
Hosea 13:1-8, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew, morphology, syntax, names, wordplay, repetitions, and the base text for translation questions.
Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Hos.xml, 13:1-8
Supports: Verse-level translation, textual, grammatical, historical, rhetorical, and uncertainty notes.
NET Bible Hosea PDF, printed pp. 1695, translation and notes on 13:1-8
Supports: Whole-book movement, eighth-century setting, literary boundaries, composition, Baal polemic, empire, and verse-level alternatives.
John Day, 'Hosea,' Oxford Bible Commentary, printed pp. 578, discussion of 13:1-8
Supports: Competing scholarly positions on difficult Hebrew, genre, history, religion, knowledge, metaphor, gender, and composition.
Kelle, 'Hosea 4-14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship,' pp. 318-360; text pp. 318-321, rhetoric pp. 321-324, composition pp. 325-332, history pp. 333-345, theology pp. 346-349, literary and gender analysis pp. 350-360; applied to 13:1-8
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.
Exact location: Hosea 13:1-8, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Open source ↗hebrew text and morphology
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Hosea
Open Scriptures
Open Scriptures, release 2.2
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew, morphology, syntax, names, wordplay, repetitions, and the base text for translation questions.
Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Hos.xml, 13:1-8
Open source ↗translation and translator notes
NET Bible: Hosea with translators' notes
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press, 2006
Supports: Verse-level translation, textual, grammatical, historical, rhetorical, and uncertainty notes.
Exact location: NET Bible Hosea PDF, printed pp. 1695, translation and notes on 13:1-8
Open source ↗scholarly commentary article
Hosea
John Day
Oxford University Press, in The Oxford Bible Commentary, edited by John Barton and John Muddiman, 2001
Supports: Whole-book movement, eighth-century setting, literary boundaries, composition, Baal polemic, empire, and verse-level alternatives.
Exact location: John Day, 'Hosea,' Oxford Bible Commentary, printed pp. 578, discussion of 13:1-8
Open source ↗peer reviewed research survey
Hosea 4-14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship
Brad E. Kelle
Currents in Biblical Research 8.3, 2010
Supports: Competing scholarly positions on difficult Hebrew, genre, history, religion, knowledge, metaphor, gender, and composition.
Exact location: Kelle, 'Hosea 4-14 in Twentieth-Century Scholarship,' pp. 318-360; text pp. 318-321, rhetoric pp. 321-324, composition pp. 325-332, history pp. 333-345, theology pp. 346-349, literary and gender analysis pp. 350-360; applied to 13:1-8
Open source ↗