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Judges 16:23–31, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
Judges 16:23–31
Samson's final prayer brings deliverance through his death
Capture becomes Dagon's festival
The lords gather to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god and to rejoice: our god has delivered Samson our enemy into our hand, the destroyer of our country who slew many of us. When their hearts are merry they call for Samson to make them sport. He is brought from prison and performs before them. They station him between the pillars. The house is full of men and women; all the lords are there; about three thousand men and women are on the roof watching.
He prays for remembered strength and personal vengeance
He asks the lad who holds his hand to let him feel the pillars that bear the house, that he may lean on them. He calls on the LORD: remember me, strengthen me only this once, that I may be at once avenged of the Philistines for my two eyes. He takes the two middle pillars, the one with his right hand and the other with his left. He says, Let me die with the Philistines. He bows himself; the house falls on the lords and on all the people. The dead whom he slays at his death are more than those he slew in his life.
The LORD answers a blinded prisoner in a hostile temple. The prayer still names vengeance for his eyes. He includes himself in the lethal plan. A crowded worship building falls. Deliverance against rulers who displayed him is real; so is the mass of deaths. Usefulness at the end does not rewrite the whole career into a moral template.
Family burial, and the same twenty years
His brethren and father's house come down, take him, and bury him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the burying place of Manoah his father. He had judged Israel twenty years. The promised beginning of deliverance has cut the Philistine leadership in their own celebration. It has not licensed later readers to die killing a crowd.
How this should shape us
If anyone uses this scene to plan dying while killing others, contact emergency services and protect the people at risk. God may hear a compromised person in extremity; that hearing is not permission for suicide attacks, terrorism, or violence in worship spaces. Philistines in Judges are not a cipher for a modern nation, religion, or ethnicity.
Teach it back
Explain Judges 16:23–31 in your own words. Include its scene movement, one source-supported detail, one material uncertainty, and one conclusion or imitation the complete context rules out.
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Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters disagree?
Best judgment: The scene's moral classification is genuinely disputed. Confidence is high in the narrator's claims of answered strength, deliverance impact, vengeance motive, self-included death, broad casualties, and incomplete mission; a simple hero or villain label loses evidence.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.
Judges 16:23–31, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clause relationships, repeated terms, wordplays, and translation control.
Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Judg.xml, 16:23–31
Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, textual, poetic, geographical, social, and uncertainty notes.
NET Bible Judges PDF, printed pp. 479-481, translation and notes on 16:23–31
Supports: Recent whole-book literary organization, differentiated judge portraits, progressive decline, Abimelech, Samson, and the double epilogue within the limits of preview access.
Assis, Before There Were Kings, inspected contents and exposed summaries for the relevant literary section, printed pp. 285-340
Supports: Compositional alternatives, rhetorical relationships among prologue, central narratives, and epilogues, and the material YHWH-kingship alternative for the no-king refrain.
Wong, Compositional Strategy of the Book of Judges, University of Edinburgh repository abstract and chapter descriptions
Supports: Antiheroic masculinity, women under threat, secrecy, coercion, power, and the distinction between divine use and approval in the Samson cycle.
Mohale, 'A dangerous and powerful woman?' complete open-access article, pp. 1-7, especially pp. 3-6 on Judges 14
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.
Exact location: Judges 16:23–31, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Open source ↗hebrew text and morphology
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Judges
Open Scriptures
Open Scriptures, release 2.2
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clause relationships, repeated terms, wordplays, and translation control.
Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Judg.xml, 16:23–31
Open source ↗translation and translator notes
NET Bible: Judges with translators' notes
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press, 2006
Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, textual, poetic, geographical, social, and uncertainty notes.
Exact location: NET Bible Judges PDF, printed pp. 479-481, translation and notes on 16:23–31
Open source ↗modern scholarly monograph preview
Before There Were Kings: A Literary Analysis of the Book of Judges
Elie Assis
Penn State University Press / Eisenbrauns, 2024
Supports: Recent whole-book literary organization, differentiated judge portraits, progressive decline, Abimelech, Samson, and the double epilogue within the limits of preview access.
Exact location: Assis, Before There Were Kings, inspected contents and exposed summaries for the relevant literary section, printed pp. 285-340
Open source ↗doctoral thesis repository record
Compositional Strategy of the Book of Judges: An Inductive, Rhetorical Study
Gregory T. K. Wong
University of Edinburgh, 2005
Supports: Compositional alternatives, rhetorical relationships among prologue, central narratives, and epilogues, and the material YHWH-kingship alternative for the no-king refrain.
Exact location: Wong, Compositional Strategy of the Book of Judges, University of Edinburgh repository abstract and chapter descriptions
Open source ↗peer reviewed open access article
A dangerous and powerful woman? A feminist reading of an old story with new cultural eyes
Makhosazana K. Mohale
Verbum et Ecclesia 43.1, a2558, 2022
Supports: Antiheroic masculinity, women under threat, secrecy, coercion, power, and the distinction between divine use and approval in the Samson cycle.
Exact location: Mohale, 'A dangerous and powerful woman?' complete open-access article, pp. 1-7, especially pp. 3-6 on Judges 14
Open source ↗