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Judges 19:11–21, King James Version
Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.
Judges 19:11–21
The travelers bypass Jebus and wait in Gibeah
Jebus is refused because it is not Israel
They are near Jebus when the day is far spent. The servant says, Come, let us turn in to this city of the Jebusites and lodge. His master will not: we will not turn into the city of a stranger that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass over to Gibeah. He tells the servant they will draw near to one of these places, Gibeah or Ramah, and lodge. The sun goes down on them by Gibeah, which belongs to Benjamin.
No one takes them in until a sojourner does
They turn aside to go in and lodge in Gibeah. They sit down in the street of the city, because no man takes them into his house to lodging. An old man comes from his work out of the field at even; he is also of the hill country of Ephraim, and he sojourns in Gibeah, but the men of the place are Benjaminites. He lifts up his eyes, sees the traveler in the street, and asks where he is going and whence he comes. The Levite answers: they are passing from Bethlehem to the side of Ephraim, he is going to the house of the LORD, and no one has received them. They have straw and provender for the asses, and bread and wine for himself, the handmaid, and the young man; they lack nothing.
The old man says, Peace be with you; howsoever, let all your wants lie on me; only lodge not in the street. He brings them into his house, gives provender to the asses, and they wash their feet and eat and drink. The Levite's trust in an Israelite town has already failed once. The person who practices hospitality is himself a resident outsider. Shared blood has not yet meant shared care.
How this should shape us
Do not assume safety from a shared ethnic or religious label, and do not treat foreigners as the danger by default. Build actual lodging and protection for travelers and sojourners. Receiving guests never gives a host rights over the women in the house.
Teach it back
Explain Judges 19:11–21 in your own words. Include its scene movement, one source-supported detail, one material uncertainty, and one conclusion or imitation the complete context rules out.
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Go deeper
The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.
Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties
Where do careful interpreters disagree?
Best judgment: Historical relationships among Gibeah, Jebus, and later traditions are contested. The story's critique of failed Gibeah hospitality does not require settling those questions.
How certain? probableResearch trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.
Judges 19:11–21, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clause relationships, repeated terms, wordplays, and translation control.
Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Judg.xml, 19:11–21
Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, textual, poetic, geographical, social, and uncertainty notes.
NET Bible Judges PDF, printed pp. 484-485, translation and notes on 19:11–21
Supports: Recent whole-book literary organization, differentiated judge portraits, progressive decline, Abimelech, Samson, and the double epilogue within the limits of preview access.
Assis, Before There Were Kings, inspected contents and exposed summaries for the relevant literary section, printed pp. 341-402
Supports: Compositional alternatives, rhetorical relationships among prologue, central narratives, and epilogues, and the material YHWH-kingship alternative for the no-king refrain.
Wong, Compositional Strategy of the Book of Judges, University of Edinburgh repository abstract and chapter descriptions
Supports: The unnamed woman's exploitation, the host's and Levite's complicity, the Levite's selective retelling, and survivor-centered reading of chapters 19-21.
Pitts, 'Judges 19 as a Paradigm for Understanding and Responding to Human Trafficking,' complete 2023 reprint, PDF pp. 5-8
Sources for This Section
These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.
Biblical text
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006
eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society
USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.
Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.
Exact location: Judges 19:11–21, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus
Open source ↗hebrew text and morphology
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Judges
Open Scriptures
Open Scriptures, release 2.2
Supports: Masoretic Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clause relationships, repeated terms, wordplays, and translation control.
Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Judg.xml, 19:11–21
Open source ↗translation and translator notes
NET Bible: Judges with translators' notes
Biblical Studies Press
Biblical Studies Press, 2006
Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, textual, poetic, geographical, social, and uncertainty notes.
Exact location: NET Bible Judges PDF, printed pp. 484-485, translation and notes on 19:11–21
Open source ↗modern scholarly monograph preview
Before There Were Kings: A Literary Analysis of the Book of Judges
Elie Assis
Penn State University Press / Eisenbrauns, 2024
Supports: Recent whole-book literary organization, differentiated judge portraits, progressive decline, Abimelech, Samson, and the double epilogue within the limits of preview access.
Exact location: Assis, Before There Were Kings, inspected contents and exposed summaries for the relevant literary section, printed pp. 341-402
Open source ↗doctoral thesis repository record
Compositional Strategy of the Book of Judges: An Inductive, Rhetorical Study
Gregory T. K. Wong
University of Edinburgh, 2005
Supports: Compositional alternatives, rhetorical relationships among prologue, central narratives, and epilogues, and the material YHWH-kingship alternative for the no-king refrain.
Exact location: Wong, Compositional Strategy of the Book of Judges, University of Edinburgh repository abstract and chapter descriptions
Open source ↗modern scholarly pastoral article
Judges 19 as a Paradigm for Understanding and Responding to Human Trafficking
Chuck Pitts
Priscilla Papers 29.4; reprinted in 37.1, 2015; reprint 2023
Supports: The unnamed woman's exploitation, the host's and Levite's complicity, the Levite's selective retelling, and survivor-centered reading of chapters 19-21.
Exact location: Pitts, 'Judges 19 as a Paradigm for Understanding and Responding to Human Trafficking,' complete 2023 reprint, PDF pp. 5-8
Open source ↗