Section 66 of 7319:22–30Judges
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Judges 19:22–30, King James Version

King James VersionJudges 19:22–30

Italic words were supplied in the English translation for clarity.

Judges 19:22–30

Men surrender the woman to sexual violence and dismember her body

The house is surrounded, and women are offered in the guest's place

As they are making their hearts merry, men of the city, certain sons of Belial, beset the house round about and beat at the door. They speak to the master of the house, the old man: Bring forth the man that came into your house, that we may know him. The demand is gang sexual assault against the male guest.

The host goes out and begs them not to do so wickedly, not to do this folly, because the man is come into his house. Then he offers his daughter, a virgin, and the Levite's concubine: he will bring them out; the men may humble them and do with them what seems good; but to this man they must not do so vile a thing. Male hospitality is being guarded by offering women. That offer is itself an atrocity proposal, not a tragic necessity and not a rule of any faithful house.

The Levite puts her out; they rape and abuse her until morning

The men will not hearken. The man takes his concubine and brings her forth unto them. They know her and abuse her all the night until the morning, and let her go when the day begins to spring. This is gang rape and prolonged sexual torture. She is a victim. She is not a symbol of national sin to be blamed, not a warning about female sexuality, and not a scene to be read for titillation.

The woman comes at the dawning of the day and falls down at the door of the man's house where her lord is, until it is light. Her hands are on the threshold. The narrator never gives her speech. Whatever verse 2 meant, it cannot make this her fault.

He tells her to get up, then cuts her body into a message

Her lord rises in the morning, opens the doors, and goes out to go his way. He says, Up, and let us be going. There is no answer. The text does not even say he checks whether she is alive. He lays her on the ass, rises, and goes to his place. When he is come into his house, he takes a knife, lays hold on his concubine, divides her, together with her bones, into twelve pieces, and sends her into all the coasts of Israel. All who see it say there was no such deed done or seen from the day Israel came out of Egypt to this day: consider, take advice, speak.

Dismemberment is corpse desecration and political signaling. It is not care, burial, or her choice. Shock at an unprecedented spectacle is not yet justice for her. Every man with power in the night failed her: the mob, the host who offered her, and the Levite who shoved her out and then made her body a summons.

How this should shape us

Name this as sexual violence, murderous abuse, and mutilation. Believe and protect survivors. Preserve their privacy. Do not circulate images or body details. Do not blame the woman, eroticize the night, or use this chapter against an ethnicity, against LGBTQ people, or as permission to sacrifice anyone to save a guest's honor. If you are in danger or holding this story in fresh trauma, get human help; the page is not a substitute for safety.

Teach it back

Explain Judges 19:22–30 in your own words. Include its scene movement, one source-supported detail, one material uncertainty, and one conclusion or imitation the complete context rules out.

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Go deeper

The explanation above is meant to stand on its own. Open these notes only if you want language, history, disagreements, or source locations.

Where careful interpreters disagreeThe strongest options and their difficulties

Where do careful interpreters disagree?

Best judgment: Her exact marital status, whether she died before dismemberment, and several textual details remain debated. Confidence is absolute at the narrative level that men subject her to sexual violence, coercion, abandonment, and objectification.

How certain? probable
Research trail and exact locationsThe source record behind this section
King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006

Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.

Judges 19:22–30, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Judges

Supports: Masoretic Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clause relationships, repeated terms, wordplays, and translation control.

Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Judg.xml, 19:22–30

NET Bible: Judges with translators' notes

Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, textual, poetic, geographical, social, and uncertainty notes.

NET Bible Judges PDF, printed pp. 484-485, translation and notes on 19:22–30

Before There Were Kings: A Literary Analysis of the Book of Judges

Supports: Recent whole-book literary organization, differentiated judge portraits, progressive decline, Abimelech, Samson, and the double epilogue within the limits of preview access.

Assis, Before There Were Kings, inspected contents and exposed summaries for the relevant literary section, printed pp. 341-402

Compositional Strategy of the Book of Judges: An Inductive, Rhetorical Study

Supports: Compositional alternatives, rhetorical relationships among prologue, central narratives, and epilogues, and the material YHWH-kingship alternative for the no-king refrain.

Wong, Compositional Strategy of the Book of Judges, University of Edinburgh repository abstract and chapter descriptions

Judges 19 as a Paradigm for Understanding and Responding to Human Trafficking

Supports: The unnamed woman's exploitation, the host's and Levite's complicity, the Levite's selective retelling, and survivor-centered reading of chapters 19-21.

Pitts, 'Judges 19 as a Paradigm for Understanding and Responding to Human Trafficking,' complete 2023 reprint, PDF pp. 5-8

Marriage by Capture in the Book of Judges: An Anthropological Approach

Supports: Marriage-by-capture framing, violence and social identity, Judges 21, and the proposed critique of superficial unity within preview-access limits.

Southwood, Marriage by Capture in the Book of Judges, official contents and chapter 1 summary, printed pp. 1-54

Sources for This Section

These records identify the source, the claim it supports, and the exact location used. A source remains evidence to evaluate; it does not replace the biblical text.

Biblical text

King James (Authorized) Version — eng-kjv2006

eBible.org and CrossWire Bible Society

USFM archive eng-kjv2006_usfm.zip; source files dated 2026-08-19; downloaded 2026-08-24; archive SHA-256 aec1b3b26c622fd3d963d2bbac963016b9513246ffbfa20da00bb100372ea007; normalized corpus SHA-256 09aef51d90488aa7b9722b3fd9a93f4b25f6bf2064c5fd798fb39673c300ddf2.

Supports: Exact reader-facing Scripture wording, paragraph markers, supplied-word markup, and complete verse coverage.

Exact location: Judges 19:22–30, pinned eng-kjv2006 USFM corpus

Open source ↗

hebrew text and morphology

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible: Judges

Open Scriptures

Open Scriptures, release 2.2

Supports: Masoretic Hebrew wording, morphology, names, clause relationships, repeated terms, wordplays, and translation control.

Exact location: Open Scriptures MorphHB v.2.2, commit 6a5db284c715c18b239422e57bb89684e6a19f00, wlc/Judg.xml, 19:22–30

Open source ↗

translation and translator notes

NET Bible: Judges with translators' notes

Biblical Studies Press

Biblical Studies Press, 2006

Supports: Verse-level translation, syntax, textual, poetic, geographical, social, and uncertainty notes.

Exact location: NET Bible Judges PDF, printed pp. 484-485, translation and notes on 19:22–30

Open source ↗

modern scholarly monograph preview

Before There Were Kings: A Literary Analysis of the Book of Judges

Elie Assis

Penn State University Press / Eisenbrauns, 2024

Supports: Recent whole-book literary organization, differentiated judge portraits, progressive decline, Abimelech, Samson, and the double epilogue within the limits of preview access.

Exact location: Assis, Before There Were Kings, inspected contents and exposed summaries for the relevant literary section, printed pp. 341-402

Open source ↗

doctoral thesis repository record

Compositional Strategy of the Book of Judges: An Inductive, Rhetorical Study

Gregory T. K. Wong

University of Edinburgh, 2005

Supports: Compositional alternatives, rhetorical relationships among prologue, central narratives, and epilogues, and the material YHWH-kingship alternative for the no-king refrain.

Exact location: Wong, Compositional Strategy of the Book of Judges, University of Edinburgh repository abstract and chapter descriptions

Open source ↗

modern scholarly pastoral article

Judges 19 as a Paradigm for Understanding and Responding to Human Trafficking

Chuck Pitts

Priscilla Papers 29.4; reprinted in 37.1, 2015; reprint 2023

Supports: The unnamed woman's exploitation, the host's and Levite's complicity, the Levite's selective retelling, and survivor-centered reading of chapters 19-21.

Exact location: Pitts, 'Judges 19 as a Paradigm for Understanding and Responding to Human Trafficking,' complete 2023 reprint, PDF pp. 5-8

Open source ↗

modern scholarly monograph preview

Marriage by Capture in the Book of Judges: An Anthropological Approach

Katherine E. Southwood

Cambridge University Press, 2017

Supports: Marriage-by-capture framing, violence and social identity, Judges 21, and the proposed critique of superficial unity within preview-access limits.

Exact location: Southwood, Marriage by Capture in the Book of Judges, official contents and chapter 1 summary, printed pp. 1-54

Open source ↗