Biblical humility concerns how you stand before God and how you live with people. It brings an honest account of both together: you are a person God made and cares for, and you need his grace, wisdom, and help. The same humility that receives from him learns to give others attention, honor, and faithful service.
Give God his proper place in your life
Begin by receiving what God says is good and arranging your conduct around it. In Micah 6:1–8, the LORD calls Israel to remember his deliverance from Egypt and the help he gave his people. The questions that follow propose increasingly costly offerings: calves, thousands of rams, rivers of oil, and finally a firstborn child for sin. Verse 8 answers by recalling what God has already shown them: do justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with him. Humility belongs to an ongoing life with the God who has acted for his people. Let his instruction shape your treatment of others as well as your worship.
Remember the giver when you consider what you possess or have accomplished. Deuteronomy 8:2–6 explains that Israel’s hunger and God’s gift of manna taught dependence: life rests on what proceeds from the LORD’s mouth. In verses 10–18, Moses looks ahead to full tables, good houses, and increasing wealth. He calls the people to bless the LORD and remember that even their ability to obtain wealth comes from him. The promised land and its covenant blessings belong to Israel’s setting; the passage’s reason for gratitude is clear. Receive provision thankfully, use your abilities responsibly, and keep obedience to God at the center of life.
First Timothy 6:17–19 gives a direct charge to Christians who are rich. They are to place their trust in the living God, who gives good things to enjoy, and become rich in good works, ready to distribute and share. Humility toward the giver takes visible form in generosity toward people. Enjoy what God provides with gratitude, and let those resources become useful in doing good.
This dependence goes together with the worth God has given human beings. Genesis 1:26–28 describes male and female made in God’s image, blessed, and entrusted with responsibility in his creation. Psalm 8:3–8 looks from the moon and stars to humanity and marvels that God remembers people, crowns them with honor, and gives them work within his world. The psalm begins and ends by praising the LORD’s name. Your dignity and your responsibilities are gifts that lead back to praise. Receive them truthfully, and recognize that the people you meet also live before their Creator.
Further study: Terence E. Fretheim · Biblical Studies Press
Come to God honestly and receive his mercy
Bring your need for mercy to God honestly. Jesus tells the parable in Luke 18:9–14 to people who trust in their own righteousness and despise others. The Pharisee lists his fasting and tithing while distinguishing himself from sinful people, including the publican who has also come to pray. The publican—a tax collector—stands at a distance, beats his breast, and asks, “God be merciful to me a sinner.” Jesus says that this man goes home justified, accepted as righteous before God, rather than the other. The prayer rests on God’s mercy. Approach him with that dependence and give up using another person’s faults as evidence of your own standing.
Ephesians 2:1–10 explains why Christian life rests on this mercy. God makes people who were dead in sins alive with Christ because of his great love. Salvation is received by grace through faith as God’s gift, with boasting excluded. Paul then calls believers God’s workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works. Receive salvation thankfully and give yourself to the good for which God has made you new. Obedience grows from his saving gift.
Respond to God’s grace with repentance. James 4:1–10 traces quarrels to desires fighting within people, then addresses prayer directed toward those same desires and loyalty divided between God and the world. God’s answer includes more grace: he resists the proud and gives grace to the humble. The response is active—submit to God, resist the devil, draw near, cleanse your conduct, and purify your heart. The call to mourn takes sin seriously, and the promise that God will lift up the humble gives hope for returning to him. Acknowledge the wrong you have done and turn toward the obedience his grace makes possible.
God receives the contrite in order to restore them. Isaiah 57:14–21 describes the high and holy God dwelling with the person of a humble and contrite spirit, to revive that person’s heart. In this promise of restoration, God recognizes human frailty, addresses covetous wrongdoing, and speaks of healing and renewed peace. The passage also distinguishes that peace from the restless course of the wicked. Humbling yourself before God means coming under his truthful judgment and receiving his restoring care. Continue toward the life he calls good, with your hope in his mercy.
Further study: Meda Stamper · Margaret Aymer
Learn Christ’s humility and put it into practice
Learn humility from the Lord who gives himself for others. Philippians 2:1–4 begins with the encouragement, love, fellowship of the Spirit, and compassion shared by believers. Paul appeals to those gifts as reasons to pursue a common life of love. He directs each person to “esteem other better than themselves” and to attend also to the things of others. The next verse directs them to Christ’s own mind. Give another person’s good real weight in your decisions, and be willing to yield precedence so that love can govern your shared life.
Paul explains this mind through what Christ actually does in Philippians 2:6–8. He begins with Christ in the form of God, then describes his taking the form of a servant, becoming human, and humbling himself in obedience even to death on a cross. The KJV’s “made himself of no reputation” is explained by this movement into servanthood and obedient self-giving. Christ’s greatness is expressed in the costly service he undertakes. Follow him by placing your abilities and position at the service of what pleases God and helps others, accepting the cost that faithful love can bring.
The passage also directs your worship. In Philippians 2:9–11, God exalts Jesus so that every knee bows and every tongue confesses him as Lord, to the Father’s glory. His obedient death and universal lordship belong to his unique work and identity. The call to share his mind brings you under that lordship. As his disciple, learn his readiness to serve and honor the one through whom this pattern has been made known.
Practice this obedience in dependence on God. Philippians 2:12–16 calls believers to work out their salvation with fear and trembling because God is at work in their willing and doing. Paul immediately speaks about conduct without murmuring and disputing, holding forth the word of life, and shining amid a crooked generation. Humility reaches into the manner of ordinary obedience together. Give serious attention to what God asks, carry it out willingly, and rely on his work in you.
Jesus invites you to learn from him with confidence. In Matthew 11:25–30, he declares that the Father is made known through the Son, then calls burdened people to come to him, take his yoke, and learn. He describes himself as “meek and lowly in heart” and promises rest for those who come. His yoke is the life of learning and obedience under him. Receive his instruction as the teaching of the Lord who is gentle toward those he calls.
Further study: Troy Troftgruben · Biblical Studies Press · Denny Burk
Serve willingly and welcome people without seeking rank
Make service the purpose of any responsibility you carry. In Mark 10:32–45, Jesus announces his coming suffering, death, and resurrection; James and John then ask for the seats beside him in glory. Jesus speaks of sharing his suffering and tells the disciples that greatness among them takes the form of serving. He gives the reason in verse 45: the Son of man came to minister and to give his life as a ransom for many. His saving gift grounds their calling. Attend to the people you can help, and use responsibility to serve their good.
John 13:1–17 shows this service in a deliberate act of love. Jesus knows that he has come from God, is returning to God, and has received all things from the Father. He rises, takes a towel, washes the disciples’ feet, and dries them. Afterward he affirms that they rightly call him Master and Lord. His authority supplies the reason for their response: if their Lord has washed their feet, they ought to wash one another’s feet and do as he has done. Willingly undertake the humble work another person needs. Jesus places blessing in doing what his disciples have now understood.
Receiving from Jesus comes before following his example. When Peter refuses to let Jesus wash him, Jesus replies that without his washing Peter has no part with him (John 13:6–11). Peter must accept what the Lord gives. Jesus also distinguishes cleanness from the mere outward act by referring to the one who will betray him. The passage concerns belonging to Jesus as well as service among disciples. Let your willingness to help others grow from grateful dependence on the Lord whose care you first receive.
Give welcome as freely as service. In Matthew 18:1–5, the disciples ask who is greatest in the kingdom. Jesus places a child among them and calls them to turn and humble themselves like that child; receiving such a child in his name is receiving him. The comparison answers their desire for rank. Take the lowly place before Christ and receive those whom an ambition for importance would overlook. Jesus makes this welcome a response to himself.
Jesus carries the same teaching into a meal in Luke 14:7–14. Having observed guests choose the chief places, he tells a wedding-feast parable: someone who claims the highest place may have to yield it, while someone in the lowest place can be invited forward by the host. He concludes that the self-exalting will be humbled and the humble exalted. He then addresses the host directly: invite poor and disabled people who cannot repay the invitation. His promised recompense is at the resurrection of the just. Together these instructions direct you to relinquish the claim to prominence and give welcome for the other person’s good, entrusting recognition to God.
Further study: Jeannine K. Brown
Use your gifts gratefully and honor what others contribute
Make an honest assessment of the work God has given you. Romans 12:1–8 begins with God’s mercies and a life offered to him, then calls each believer to think soberly about himself. Paul explains this through one body with different members and different gifts. His response is active: serve, teach, encourage, give, lead diligently, and show mercy cheerfully according to the grace received. Humility makes your gifts useful. Recognize what you have been given and carry the corresponding responsibility faithfully.
Keep gratitude attached to your contribution. In 1 Corinthians 4:1–7, Paul describes himself and Apollos as servants and stewards accountable to the Lord, addressing a church that has become puffed up over its preferred teachers. He asks what the Corinthians have that they did not receive. Receiving a gift removes the basis for boasting as though it began with you. Value faithful work, give God the credit for his gifts, and honor those through whom help comes.
Receive the contribution of other people with the same seriousness. In 1 Corinthians 12:12–27, a foot’s difference from a hand does not exclude it from the body, and an eye cannot dismiss its need for a hand. God has arranged the members, including those that seem weaker, so that they care for one another. Paul’s explanation addresses both the person who discounts his own place and the person who discounts someone else’s. Take your place in service and let others serve you. Share their suffering and rejoice when they are honored.
Paul can speak truthfully about both his need of grace and his actual work. In 1 Corinthians 15:1–11, while recounting Christ’s death, resurrection, and appearances, he remembers his persecution of the church and calls himself the least of the apostles. He also acknowledges his abundant labor, attributing it to God’s grace with him. That combination gives a clear pattern: confess what is wrong, receive the grace God gives, and acknowledge the good that grace enables you to do. The purpose remains the gospel they all proclaim.
Extend this honor through your daily treatment of people. Romans 12:9–16 joins sincere love, giving honor, sharing needs, hospitality, and rejoicing or weeping with others. Its older expression “condescend to men of low estate” calls for willing association with the lowly. Attend to people without making social importance the condition of your company. The whole paragraph gives humility a positive form: affection, shared life, generous help, and readiness to learn.
Further study: Biblical Studies Press
Listen to correction and act on what is true
Give truthful correction a welcome place in your life. Proverbs 9:7–12 describes the wise person as someone who loves the one who reproves him and becomes wiser through teaching. This teaching stands between the invitations of Wisdom and Folly: how a person receives instruction helps disclose which way he is choosing. Proverbs 15:31–33 makes the connection explicit. Hearing reproof brings understanding, the fear of the LORD teaches wisdom, and humility comes before honor. Listen for what needs to change and value the help that makes it known.
Receive God’s Word with a readiness to obey. James 1:19–25 calls believers to be quick to hear, slow to speak, and slow to anger, because human anger does not produce God’s righteousness. They are to lay aside wrongdoing and receive the implanted word with meekness. James then compares an inactive hearer to someone who looks in a mirror and forgets what he saw. Humble hearing stays with the truth and acts on it. Give the instruction your attention, acknowledge what it reveals, and put the needed obedience into practice.
David’s response to Abigail shows a powerful man accepting necessary correction. In 1 Samuel 25:2–35, Nabal’s insult has led David to prepare violent revenge. Abigail brings provisions and appeals to David’s responsibility before the LORD, naming the guilt of shedding blood without cause and avenging himself. David blesses God for sending her and blesses her counsel because it has kept him from that evil. He receives what she brings and sends her home in peace. The narrative explicitly commends the correction through David’s acknowledgment. Receive sound counsel even when it interrupts a course you have already chosen, and change that course when the truth requires it.
Teachability remains directed toward truth. Ephesians 4:14–15 describes maturity as freedom from deceptive teaching and growth through speaking truth in love. Understanding correction therefore includes considering what is actually being said and whether it agrees with God’s instruction. A humble response gives the evidence a fair hearing, admits a demonstrated wrong, and follows the good that has become clear. Continue the concrete obedience James names: govern your words, care for people in distress, and pursue a clean life before God (James 1:26–27).
Bear with others and help them with gentleness
Give the help you yourself need in a spirit of gentleness. Galatians 5:22–6:2 moves from the Spirit’s fruit and the rejection of vain glory to restoring a person overtaken in a fault. Those giving help are to do so meekly, considering their own vulnerability to temptation. Restoration is the aim, and bearing one another’s burdens fulfills the law of Christ. Approach another person’s failure with truthful concern for recovery and a sober memory of your own dependence on grace.
Take responsibility for your own conduct while sharing another person’s burden. Galatians 6:3–5 joins the charge to help with a call to examine your own work; each person will bear his own burden. These statements place mutual help alongside personal accountability. Humility receives help and gives it, while remaining answerable for what one does. James 4:11–12 adds that believers are doers of God’s law under the one lawgiver. Speak about one another as people who also stand under that authority.
Let the manner and fruit of your conduct show the wisdom you claim. James 3:13–18 contrasts envy and rivalry with works done in the meekness of wisdom. Wisdom from above is pure, peaceable, gentle, receptive to reason, merciful, fruitful, impartial, and sincere. Its peace serves righteousness. Ephesians 4:1–6 likewise joins humility, gentleness, patience, and bearing with one another in love to keeping the Spirit’s unity. The reason is the shared body, Spirit, hope, Lord, faith, baptism, and Father. Give patient attention to the people with whom you share these gifts, and pursue truth in a manner that helps you grow together.
Keep this life of humility rooted in Christ. Colossians 2:18–23 describes a show of humility that can coexist with being puffed up and failing to hold to Christ, the Head. The following chapter directs believers to their life with the risen Christ and to putting away sinful conduct (Colossians 3:1–11). It then calls God’s chosen, holy, beloved people to put on compassion, kindness, humility, patience, forgiveness, and love (Colossians 3:12–17). The motive for forgiving is Christ’s forgiveness; the setting for shared teaching is his richly dwelling word. Cultivate that Christ-directed character, letting gratitude, love, and obedience give humility its substance.
Further study: Margaret Aymer
Entrust your cares and your future to God
Carry your responsibilities while relying on God’s care. First Peter 5:1–5 first addresses elders: shepherd willingly, serve eagerly, and lead by example under the chief Shepherd. It then addresses the younger and calls everyone to be clothed with humility, because God resists the proud and gives grace to the humble. The responsibilities differ, yet the need for humility reaches the whole community. Whether you guide or receive guidance, live as someone accountable to the Lord and dependent on his grace.
Bring your cares to him within that dependence. First Peter 5:6–11 calls believers to humble themselves under God’s mighty hand, casting their care on him because he cares for them. This trust goes with alertness and resistance to the devil, firm in faith alongside fellow believers who also suffer. God’s promised exaltation comes in his time, within the hope of eternal glory in Christ. Entrust your needs to him, persevere in what is right, and draw confidence from the God of all grace who strengthens his people.
Make plans as someone whose life is received from God. James 4:13–17 addresses people who confidently schedule travel, trade, and profit. James reminds them that they do not know tomorrow and that life is as brief as a vapor. They should acknowledge that both living and accomplishing their plans depend on the Lord’s will. His closing statement still requires doing the good they know. Plan responsibly, keep your plans subject to God, and carry out the obedience already before you.
Learn the quiet hope expressed in Psalm 131:1–3. The psalmist turns from a haughty heart and matters too great for him, describing his quieted soul by the picture of a weaned child with its mother. He then calls Israel to hope in the LORD continually. The image gives human limitation a place within trust: you can rest in God’s care while accepting that some things lie beyond your reach. Keep that hope as you attend faithfully to what he has given you to do.
God’s promised future gives this humility lasting confidence. Matthew 5:1–12 pronounces blessing on the poor in spirit and the meek, and includes people persecuted for righteousness. Its promise that the meek inherit the earth recalls Psalm 37:1–11, where trust, doing good, patience, and freedom from envious anger belong together. Receive that hope as a reason to remain faithful even when pride appears to prosper. Give God the honor due to him, serve the people before you, and leave the final vindication of your life in his hands.
Further study: Biblical Studies Press
Read the passages
Scripture in context
35 contextual selections for this subject, including the passages cited above and further related reading. Every selected range is reproduced in full from the KJV. Context notes identify the setting and kind of evidence.
Creation narrative 1 selections
Genesis 1:26–31 KJV · In this guide
Context: The creation of humanity, blessing, commission, provision, and judgment that creation is very good complete the sixth day.
1:26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
1:27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
1:28 And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.
1:29 And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.
1:30 And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so.
1:31 And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.
Covenant instruction 1 selections
Deuteronomy 8:1–20 KJV · In this guide
Context: Moses addresses Israel before the land: wilderness training, good provision, grateful remembrance, and covenant accountability form a complete exhortation.
8:1 All the commandments which I command thee this day shall ye observe to do, that ye may live, and multiply, and go in and possess the land which the LORD sware unto your fathers.
8:2 And thou shalt remember all the way which the LORD thy God led thee these forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest keep his commandments, or no.
8:3 And he humbled thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that he might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the LORD doth man live.
8:4 Thy raiment waxed not old upon thee, neither did thy foot swell, these forty years.
8:5 Thou shalt also consider in thine heart, that, as a man chasteneth his son, so the LORD thy God chasteneth thee.
8:6 Therefore thou shalt keep the commandments of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, and to fear him.
8:7 For the LORD thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys and hills;
8:8 A land of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates; a land of oil olive, and honey;
8:9 A land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack any thing in it; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass.
8:10 When thou hast eaten and art full, then thou shalt bless the LORD thy God for the good land which he hath given thee.
8:11 Beware that thou forget not the LORD thy God, in not keeping his commandments, and his judgments, and his statutes, which I command thee this day:
8:12 Lest when thou hast eaten and art full, and hast built goodly houses, and dwelt therein;
8:13 And when thy herds and thy flocks multiply, and thy silver and thy gold is multiplied, and all that thou hast is multiplied;
8:14 Then thine heart be lifted up, and thou forget the LORD thy God, which brought thee forth out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage;
8:15 Who led thee through that great and terrible wilderness, wherein were fiery serpents, and scorpions, and drought, where there was no water; who brought thee forth water out of the rock of flint;
8:16 Who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that he might humble thee, and that he might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end;
8:17 And thou say in thine heart, My power and the might of mine hand hath gotten me this wealth.
8:18 But thou shalt remember the LORD thy God: for it is he that giveth thee power to get wealth, that he may establish his covenant which he sware unto thy fathers, as it is this day.
8:19 And it shall be, if thou do at all forget the LORD thy God, and walk after other gods, and serve them, and worship them, I testify against you this day that ye shall surely perish.
8:20 As the nations which the LORD destroyeth before your face, so shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of the LORD your God.
Evaluated historical narrative 1 selections
1 Samuel 25:1–44 KJV · In this guide
Context: The complete account preserves Nabal’s insult, David’s threatened revenge, Abigail’s appeal, David’s response, judgment, and marital epilogue.
25:1 And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran.
25:2 And there was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep, and a thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.
25:3 Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb.
25:4 And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did shear his sheep.
25:5 And David sent out ten young men, and David said unto the young men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name:
25:6 And thus shall ye say to him that liveth in prosperity, Peace be both to thee, and peace be to thine house, and peace be unto all that thou hast.
25:7 And now I have heard that thou hast shearers: now thy shepherds which were with us, we hurt them not, neither was there ought missing unto them, all the while they were in Carmel.
25:8 Ask thy young men, and they will shew thee. Wherefore let the young men find favour in thine eyes: for we come in a good day: give, I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thine hand unto thy servants, and to thy son David.
25:9 And when David’s young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased.
25:10 And Nabal answered David’s servants, and said, Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master.
25:11 Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men, whom I know not whence they be?
25:12 So David’s young men turned their way, and went again, and came and told him all those sayings.
25:13 And David said unto his men, Gird ye on every man his sword. And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword: and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the stuff.
25:14 But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal’s wife, saying, Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he railed on them.
25:15 But the men were very good unto us, and we were not hurt, neither missed we any thing, as long as we were conversant with them, when we were in the fields:
25:16 They were a wall unto us both by night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep.
25:17 Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is determined against our master, and against all his household: for he is such a son of Belial, that a man cannot speak to him.
25:18 Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses.
25:19 And she said unto her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal.
25:20 And it was so, as she rode on the ass, that she came down by the covert of the hill, and, behold, David and his men came down against her; and she met them.
25:21 Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good.
25:22 So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.
25:23 And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,
25:24 And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine audience, and hear the words of thine handmaid.
25:25 Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send.
25:26 Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing the LORD hath withholden thee from coming to shed blood, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.
25:27 And now this blessing which thine handmaid hath brought unto my lord, let it even be given unto the young men that follow my lord.
25:28 I pray thee, forgive the trespass of thine handmaid: for the LORD will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of the LORD, and evil hath not been found in thee all thy days.
25:29 Yet a man is risen to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul: but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with the LORD thy God; and the souls of thine enemies, them shall he sling out, as out of the middle of a sling.
25:30 And it shall come to pass, when the LORD shall have done to my lord according to all the good that he hath spoken concerning thee, and shall have appointed thee ruler over Israel;
25:31 That this shall be no grief unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood causeless, or that my lord hath avenged himself: but when the LORD shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember thine handmaid.
25:32 And David said to Abigail, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which sent thee this day to meet me:
25:33 And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.
25:34 For in very deed, as the LORD God of Israel liveth, which hath kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.
25:35 So David received of her hand that which she had brought him, and said unto her, Go up in peace to thine house; see, I have hearkened to thy voice, and have accepted thy person.
25:36 And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal’s heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken: wherefore she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.
25:37 But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone.
25:38 And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD smote Nabal, that he died.
25:39 And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.
25:40 And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying, David sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.
25:41 And she arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.
25:42 And Abigail hasted, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that went after her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.
25:43 David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel; and they were also both of them his wives.
25:44 But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David’s wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, which was of Gallim.
Praise poetry 1 selections
Psalms 8:1–9 KJV · In this guide
Context: The complete psalm frames wonder at human honor and entrusted dominion with praise of the LORD’s name.
8:1 O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! who hast set thy glory above the heavens.
8:2 Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength because of thine enemies, that thou mightest still the enemy and the avenger.
8:3 When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;
8:4 What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him?
8:5 For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour.
8:6 Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet:
8:7 All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field;
8:8 The fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea, and whatsoever passeth through the paths of the seas.
8:9 O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!
Wisdom psalm 1 selections
Psalms 37:1–11 KJV · In this guide
Context: The opening sequence contrasts envy of evildoers with trust, good conduct, patience, and the meek’s inheritance. The wider psalm continues the contrast.
37:1 Fret not thyself because of evildoers, neither be thou envious against the workers of iniquity.
37:2 For they shall soon be cut down like the grass, and wither as the green herb.
37:3 Trust in the LORD, and do good; so shalt thou dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed.
37:4 Delight thyself also in the LORD; and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart.
37:5 Commit thy way unto the LORD; trust also in him; and he shall bring it to pass.
37:6 And he shall bring forth thy righteousness as the light, and thy judgment as the noonday.
37:7 Rest in the LORD, and wait patiently for him: fret not thyself because of him who prospereth in his way, because of the man who bringeth wicked devices to pass.
37:8 Cease from anger, and forsake wrath: fret not thyself in any wise to do evil.
37:9 For evildoers shall be cut off: but those that wait upon the LORD, they shall inherit the earth.
37:10 For yet a little while, and the wicked shall not be: yea, thou shalt diligently consider his place, and it shall not be.
37:11 But the meek shall inherit the earth; and shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace.
Prayer poetry 1 selections
Psalms 131:1–3 KJV · In this guide
Context: The complete short prayer moves from relinquished pride to a quieted soul and an invitation to Israel to hope.
131:1 LORD, my heart is not haughty, nor mine eyes lofty: neither do I exercise myself in great matters, or in things too high for me.
131:2 Surely I have behaved and quieted myself, as a child that is weaned of his mother: my soul is even as a weaned child.
131:3 Let Israel hope in the LORD from henceforth and for ever.
Wisdom instruction 1 selections
Proverbs 3:27–35 KJV
Context: Neighborly good and rejection of oppression lead into the LORD’s contrasting dealings with the wicked, scorners, lowly and wise.
3:27 Withhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the power of thine hand to do it.
3:28 Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and to morrow I will give; when thou hast it by thee.
3:29 Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee.
3:30 Strive not with a man without cause, if he have done thee no harm.
3:31 Envy thou not the oppressor, and choose none of his ways.
3:32 For the froward is abomination to the LORD: but his secret is with the righteous.
3:33 The curse of the LORD is in the house of the wicked: but he blesseth the habitation of the just.
3:34 Surely he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth grace unto the lowly.
3:35 The wise shall inherit glory: but shame shall be the promotion of fools.
Wisdom poetry and instruction 1 selections
Proverbs 9:1–18 KJV · In this guide
Context: Personified Wisdom and Folly issue competing invitations around sayings on reproof, learning and reverence.
9:1 Wisdom hath builded her house, she hath hewn out her seven pillars:
9:2 She hath killed her beasts; she hath mingled her wine; she hath also furnished her table.
9:3 She hath sent forth her maidens: she crieth upon the highest places of the city,
9:4 Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither: as for him that wanteth understanding, she saith to him,
9:5 Come, eat of my bread, and drink of the wine which I have mingled.
9:6 Forsake the foolish, and live; and go in the way of understanding.
9:7 He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame: and he that rebuketh a wicked man getteth himself a blot.
9:8 Reprove not a scorner, lest he hate thee: rebuke a wise man, and he will love thee.
9:9 Give instruction to a wise man, and he will be yet wiser: teach a just man, and he will increase in learning.
9:10 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: and the knowledge of the holy is understanding.
9:11 For by me thy days shall be multiplied, and the years of thy life shall be increased.
9:12 If thou be wise, thou shalt be wise for thyself: but if thou scornest, thou alone shalt bear it.
9:13 A foolish woman is clamorous: she is simple, and knoweth nothing.
9:14 For she sitteth at the door of her house, on a seat in the high places of the city,
9:15 To call passengers who go right on their ways:
9:16 Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither: and as for him that wanteth understanding, she saith to him,
9:17 Stolen waters are sweet, and bread eaten in secret is pleasant.
9:18 But he knoweth not that the dead are there; and that her guests are in the depths of hell.
Wisdom sayings 2 selections
Proverbs 15:31–33 KJV · In this guide
Context: Three complete closing sayings connect hearing reproof, understanding, fear of the LORD, and humility before honor.
Proverbs 25:1–10 KJV
Context: An introduction to a collected set of royal sayings leads into the king’s presence, the lower place, and patient handling of disputes.
25:1 These are also proverbs of Solomon, which the men of Hezekiah king of Judah copied out.
25:2 It is the glory of God to conceal a thing: but the honour of kings is to search out a matter.
25:3 The heaven for height, and the earth for depth, and the heart of kings is unsearchable.
25:4 Take away the dross from the silver, and there shall come forth a vessel for the finer.
25:5 Take away the wicked from before the king, and his throne shall be established in righteousness.
25:6 Put not forth thyself in the presence of the king, and stand not in the place of great men:
25:7 For better it is that it be said unto thee, Come up hither; than that thou shouldest be put lower in the presence of the prince whom thine eyes have seen.
25:8 Go not forth hastily to strive, lest thou know not what to do in the end thereof, when thy neighbour hath put thee to shame.
25:9 Debate thy cause with thy neighbour himself; and discover not a secret to another:
25:10 Lest he that heareth it put thee to shame, and thine infamy turn not away.
Prophetic restoration and warning 1 selections
Isaiah 57:14–21 KJV · In this guide
Context: Restoration follows judgment on unfaithfulness; the holy God revives the contrite, while persistent wickedness remains without peace.
57:14 And shall say, Cast ye up, cast ye up, prepare the way, take up the stumblingblock out of the way of my people.
57:15 For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones.
57:16 For I will not contend for ever, neither will I be always wroth: for the spirit should fail before me, and the souls which I have made.
57:17 For the iniquity of his covetousness was I wroth, and smote him: I hid me, and was wroth, and he went on frowardly in the way of his heart.
57:18 I have seen his ways, and will heal him: I will lead him also, and restore comforts unto him and to his mourners.
57:19 I create the fruit of the lips; Peace, peace to him that is far off, and to him that is near, saith the LORD; and I will heal him.
57:20 But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt.
57:21 There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked.
Prophetic covenant appeal 1 selections
Micah 6:1–8 KJV · In this guide
Context: The LORD’s controversy with Israel recalls his saving acts before the worshiper’s escalating questions and the answer about justice, mercy, and humble walking.
6:1 Hear ye now what the LORD saith; Arise, contend thou before the mountains, and let the hills hear thy voice.
6:2 Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD’s controversy, and ye strong foundations of the earth: for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel.
6:3 O my people, what have I done unto thee? and wherein have I wearied thee? testify against me.
6:4 For I brought thee up out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee out of the house of servants; and I sent before thee Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.
6:5 O my people, remember now what Balak king of Moab consulted, and what Balaam the son of Beor answered him from Shittim unto Gilgal; that ye may know the righteousness of the LORD.
6:6 Wherewith shall I come before the LORD, and bow myself before the high God? shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves of a year old?
6:7 Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, or with ten thousands of rivers of oil? shall I give my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?
6:8 He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?
Jesus’ kingdom pronouncements 1 selections
Matthew 5:1–12 KJV · In this guide
Context: The setting and complete Beatitudes pronounce kingdom blessing, including amid persecution, before the following public-witness images.
5:1 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his disciples came unto him:
5:2 And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying,
5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
5:4 Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted.
5:5 Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth.
5:6 Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled.
5:7 Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy.
5:8 Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God.
5:9 Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God.
5:10 Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness’ sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
5:11 Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake.
5:12 Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you.
Jesus’ prayer, declaration, and invitation 1 selections
Matthew 11:25–30 KJV · In this guide
Context: Thanksgiving for revelation and the Son’s unique knowledge of the Father lead into the invitation to come, learn, and find rest.
11:25 At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes.
11:26 Even so, Father: for so it seemed good in thy sight.
11:27 All things are delivered unto me of my Father: and no man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son will reveal him.
11:28 Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.
11:29 Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls.
11:30 For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.
Gospel narrative and instruction 1 selections
Matthew 18:1–5 KJV · In this guide
Context: The disciples’ question about greatness receives a complete initial answer through a child, a call to turn and humble themselves, and welcome in Jesus’ name.
18:1 At the same time came the disciples unto Jesus, saying, Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?
18:2 And Jesus called a little child unto him, and set him in the midst of them,
18:3 And said, Verily I say unto you, Except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven.
18:4 Whosoever therefore shall humble himself as this little child, the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven.
18:5 And whoso shall receive one such little child in my name receiveth me.
Gospel narrative and direct instruction 1 selections
Mark 10:32–45 KJV · In this guide
Context: The journey and passion prediction precede the brothers’ request for glory and Jesus’ instruction to the twelve.
10:32 And they were in the way going up to Jerusalem; and Jesus went before them: and they were amazed; and as they followed, they were afraid. And he took again the twelve, and began to tell them what things should happen unto him,
10:33 Saying, Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be delivered unto the chief priests, and unto the scribes; and they shall condemn him to death, and shall deliver him to the Gentiles:
10:34 And they shall mock him, and shall scourge him, and shall spit upon him, and shall kill him: and the third day he shall rise again.
10:35 And James and John, the sons of Zebedee, come unto him, saying, Master, we would that thou shouldest do for us whatsoever we shall desire.
10:36 And he said unto them, What would ye that I should do for you?
10:37 They said unto him, Grant unto us that we may sit, one on thy right hand, and the other on thy left hand, in thy glory.
10:38 But Jesus said unto them, Ye know not what ye ask: can ye drink of the cup that I drink of? and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?
10:39 And they said unto him, We can. And Jesus said unto them, Ye shall indeed drink of the cup that I drink of; and with the baptism that I am baptized withal shall ye be baptized:
10:40 But to sit on my right hand and on my left hand is not mine to give; but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared.
10:41 And when the ten heard it, they began to be much displeased with James and John.
10:42 But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that they which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them.
10:43 But so shall it not be among you: but whosoever will be great among you, shall be your minister:
10:44 And whosoever of you will be the chiefest, shall be servant of all.
10:45 For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.
Gospel narrative, parable, and direct counsel 1 selections
Luke 14:1–14 KJV · In this guide
Context: At a Sabbath meal Jesus heals, then addresses guests choosing seats and a host choosing invitees. The parable and hospitality charge retain their distinct audiences.
14:1 And it came to pass, as he went into the house of one of the chief Pharisees to eat bread on the sabbath day, that they watched him.
14:2 And, behold, there was a certain man before him which had the dropsy.
14:3 And Jesus answering spake unto the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath day?
14:4 And they held their peace. And he took him, and healed him, and let him go;
14:5 And answered them, saying, Which of you shall have an ass or an ox fallen into a pit, and will not straightway pull him out on the sabbath day?
14:6 And they could not answer him again to these things.
14:7 And he put forth a parable to those which were bidden, when he marked how they chose out the chief rooms; saying unto them,
14:8 When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit not down in the highest room; lest a more honourable man than thou be bidden of him;
14:9 And he that bade thee and him come and say to thee, Give this man place; and thou begin with shame to take the lowest room.
14:10 But when thou art bidden, go and sit down in the lowest room; that when he that bade thee cometh, he may say unto thee, Friend, go up higher: then shalt thou have worship in the presence of them that sit at meat with thee.
14:11 For whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted.
14:12 Then said he also to him that bade him, When thou makest a dinner or a supper, call not thy friends, nor thy brethren, neither thy kinsmen, nor thy rich neighbours; lest they also bid thee again, and a recompence be made thee.
14:13 But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind:
14:14 And thou shalt be blessed; for they cannot recompense thee: for thou shalt be recompensed at the resurrection of the just.
Parable with explicit interpretation 1 selections
Luke 18:9–14 KJV · In this guide
Context: The complete parable names its audience’s self-trust and contempt, contrasts the prayers, and supplies Jesus’ judgment.
18:9 And he spake this parable unto certain which trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and despised others:
18:10 Two men went up into the temple to pray; the one a Pharisee, and the other a publican.
18:11 The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, God, I thank thee, that I am not as other men are, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this publican.
18:12 I fast twice in the week, I give tithes of all that I possess.
18:13 And the publican, standing afar off, would not lift up so much as his eyes unto heaven, but smote upon his breast, saying, God be merciful to me a sinner.
18:14 I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other: for every one that exalteth himself shall be abased; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted.
Gospel narrative and interpreted sign/example 1 selections
John 13:1–20 KJV · In this guide
Context: Jesus’ love and knowledge of his origin and authority frame washing, Peter’s objection, the explicit example, and the betrayal/sending sayings.
13:1 Now before the feast of the passover, when Jesus knew that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he loved them unto the end.
13:2 And supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, to betray him;
13:3 Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come from God, and went to God;
13:4 He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself.
13:5 After that he poureth water into a bason, and began to wash the disciples’ feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded.
13:6 Then cometh he to Simon Peter: and Peter saith unto him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet?
13:7 Jesus answered and said unto him, What I do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt know hereafter.
13:8 Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me.
13:9 Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head.
13:10 Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all.
13:11 For he knew who should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean.
13:12 So after he had washed their feet, and had taken his garments, and was set down again, he said unto them, Know ye what I have done to you?
13:13 Ye call me Master and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am.
13:14 If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another’s feet.
13:15 For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you.
13:16 Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him.
13:17 If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.
13:18 I speak not of you all: I know whom I have chosen: but that the scripture may be fulfilled, He that eateth bread with me hath lifted up his heel against me.
13:19 Now I tell you before it come, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe that I am he.
13:20 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that receiveth whomsoever I send receiveth me; and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me.
Shared Christian instruction 7 selections
Romans 12:1–21 KJV · In this guide
Context: Mercy and renewed worship lead to sober judgment, varied gifts, sincere love, honor, hospitality, peace and good toward enemies.
12:1 I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service.
12:2 And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.
12:3 For I say, through the grace given unto me, to every man that is among you, not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think; but to think soberly, according as God hath dealt to every man the measure of faith.
12:4 For as we have many members in one body, and all members have not the same office:
12:5 So we, being many, are one body in Christ, and every one members one of another.
12:6 Having then gifts differing according to the grace that is given to us, whether prophecy, let us prophesy according to the proportion of faith;
12:7 Or ministry, let us wait on our ministering: or he that teacheth, on teaching;
12:8 Or he that exhorteth, on exhortation: he that giveth, let him do it with simplicity; he that ruleth, with diligence; he that sheweth mercy, with cheerfulness.
12:9 Let love be without dissimulation. Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good.
12:10 Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in honour preferring one another;
12:11 Not slothful in business; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord;
12:12 Rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation; continuing instant in prayer;
12:13 Distributing to the necessity of saints; given to hospitality.
12:14 Bless them which persecute you: bless, and curse not.
12:15 Rejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them that weep.
12:16 Be of the same mind one toward another. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Be not wise in your own conceits.
12:17 Recompense to no man evil for evil. Provide things honest in the sight of all men.
12:18 If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men.
12:19 Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.
12:20 Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink: for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head.
12:21 Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good.
Galatians 5:22–6:10 KJV · In this guide
Context: The Spirit’s fruit and walking by the Spirit lead into restored relationships, mutual burden-bearing, personal accountability, and continued good.
5:22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith,
5:23 Meekness, temperance: against such there is no law.
5:24 And they that are Christ’s have crucified the flesh with the affections and lusts.
5:25 If we live in the Spirit, let us also walk in the Spirit.
5:26 Let us not be desirous of vain glory, provoking one another, envying one another.
6:1 Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such an one in the spirit of meekness; considering thyself, lest thou also be tempted.
6:2 Bear ye one another’s burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ.
6:3 For if a man think himself to be something, when he is nothing, he deceiveth himself.
6:4 But let every man prove his own work, and then shall he have rejoicing in himself alone, and not in another.
6:5 For every man shall bear his own burden.
6:6 Let him that is taught in the word communicate unto him that teacheth in all good things.
6:7 Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.
6:8 For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting.
6:9 And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not.
6:10 As we have therefore opportunity, let us do good unto all men, especially unto them who are of the household of faith.
Ephesians 4:1–16 KJV · In this guide
Context: Worthy walking and shared unity lead into Christ’s gifts, equipped service, maturity, truthful love, and growth of the whole body.
4:1 I therefore, the prisoner of the Lord, beseech you that ye walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called,
4:2 With all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love;
4:3 Endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.
4:4 There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling;
4:5 One Lord, one faith, one baptism,
4:6 One God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all.
4:7 But unto every one of us is given grace according to the measure of the gift of Christ.
4:8 Wherefore he saith, When he ascended up on high, he led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men.
4:9 (Now that he ascended, what is it but that he also descended first into the lower parts of the earth?
4:10 He that descended is the same also that ascended up far above all heavens, that he might fill all things.)
4:11 And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;
4:12 For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ:
4:13 Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ:
4:14 That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive;
4:15 But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even Christ:
4:16 From whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love.
Colossians 3:1–17 KJV · In this guide
Context: Life with the risen Christ grounds putting away sinful conduct and putting on the new community’s compassion, humility, love, word and thanksgiving.
3:1 If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God.
3:2 Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth.
3:3 For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God.
3:4 When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory.
3:5 Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry:
3:6 For which things’ sake the wrath of God cometh on the children of disobedience:
3:7 In the which ye also walked some time, when ye lived in them.
3:8 But now ye also put off all these; anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy communication out of your mouth.
3:9 Lie not one to another, seeing that ye have put off the old man with his deeds;
3:10 And have put on the new man, which is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him:
3:11 Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free: but Christ is all, and in all.
3:12 Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering;
3:13 Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any: even as Christ forgave you, so also do ye.
3:14 And above all these things put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness.
3:15 And let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to the which also ye are called in one body; and be ye thankful.
3:16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord.
3:17 And what soever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him.
James 1:19–27 KJV · In this guide
Context: Receptive hearing leads to receiving the word, the mirror comparison, doing, and the concrete fruit of faithful religion.
1:19 Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath:
1:20 For the wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God.
1:21 Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls.
1:22 But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving your own selves.
1:23 For if any be a hearer of the word, and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass:
1:24 For he beholdeth himself, and goeth his way, and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was.
1:25 But whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty, and continueth therein, he being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in his deed.
1:26 If any man among you seem to be religious, and bridleth not his tongue, but deceiveth his own heart, this man’s religion is vain.
1:27 Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world.
James 3:13–18 KJV · In this guide
Context: The full contrast between wisdom from above and envious rivalry follows the discussion of accountable speech.
3:13 Who is a wise man and endued with knowledge among you? let him shew out of a good conversation his works with meekness of wisdom.
3:14 But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory not, and lie not against the truth.
3:15 This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish.
3:16 For where envying and strife is, there is confusion and every evil work.
3:17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy.
3:18 And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace of them that make peace.
James 4:13–17 KJV · In this guide
Context: The complete address to confident traders corrects boasting through mortality, the Lord’s will, and responsibility for known good.
4:13 Go to now, ye that say, To day or to morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year, and buy and sell, and get gain:
4:14 Whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away.
4:15 For that ye ought to say, If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this, or that.
4:16 But now ye rejoice in your boastings: all such rejoicing is evil.
4:17 Therefore to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin.
Apostolic correction 1 selections
1 Corinthians 4:1–7 KJV · In this guide
Context: Paul and Apollos are servants under the Lord’s judgment; the readers’ pride in one against another is confronted by the fact that their gifts are received.
4:1 Let a man so account of us, as of the ministers of Christ, and stewards of the mysteries of God.
4:2 Moreover it is required in stewards, that a man be found faithful.
4:3 But with me it is a very small thing that I should be judged of you, or of man’s judgment: yea, I judge not mine own self.
4:4 For I know nothing by myself; yet am I not hereby justified: but he that judgeth me is the Lord.
4:5 Therefore judge nothing before the time, until the Lord come, who both will bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and will make manifest the counsels of the hearts: and then shall every man have praise of God.
4:6 And these things, brethren, I have in a figure transferred to myself and to Apollos for your sakes; that ye might learn in us not to think of men above that which is written, that no one of you be puffed up for one against another.
4:7 For who maketh thee to differ from another? and what hast thou that thou didst not receive? now if thou didst receive it, why dost thou glory, as if thou hadst not received it?
Apostolic analogy and instruction 1 selections
1 Corinthians 12:12–27 KJV · In this guide
Context: The full body comparison explains common participation, varied members, God’s arrangement, and shared care.
12:12 For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of that one body, being many, are one body: so also is Christ.
12:13 For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit.
12:14 For the body is not one member, but many.
12:15 If the foot shall say, Because I am not the hand, I am not of the body; is it therefore not of the body?
12:16 And if the ear shall say, Because I am not the eye, I am not of the body; is it therefore not of the body?
12:17 If the whole body were an eye, where were the hearing? If the whole were hearing, where were the smelling?
12:18 But now hath God set the members every one of them in the body, as it hath pleased him.
12:19 And if they were all one member, where were the body?
12:20 But now are they many members, yet but one body.
12:21 And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee: nor again the head to the feet, I have no need of you.
12:22 Nay, much more those members of the body, which seem to be more feeble, are necessary:
12:23 And those members of the body, which we think to be less honourable, upon these we bestow more abundant honour; and our uncomely parts have more abundant comeliness.
12:24 For our comely parts have no need: but God hath tempered the body together, having given more abundant honour to that part which lacked:
12:25 That there should be no schism in the body; but that the members should have the same care one for another.
12:26 And whether one member suffer, all the members suffer with it; or one member be honoured, all the members rejoice with it.
12:27 Now ye are the body of Christ, and members in particular.
Apostolic testimony within resurrection argument 1 selections
1 Corinthians 15:1–11 KJV · In this guide
Context: The received gospel of death and resurrection and its witnesses lead to Paul’s account of his call, past persecution, grace and labor.
15:1 Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand;
15:2 By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain.
15:3 For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures;
15:4 And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures:
15:5 And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve:
15:6 After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are fallen asleep.
15:7 After that, he was seen of James; then of all the apostles.
15:8 And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time.
15:9 For I am the least of the apostles, that am not meet to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.
15:10 But by the grace of God I am what I am: and his grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain; but I laboured more abundantly than they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me.
15:11 Therefore whether it were I or they, so we preach, and so ye believed.
Apostolic account of salvation and its purpose 1 selections
Ephesians 2:1–10 KJV · In this guide
Context: The complete movement from death in sin to life with Christ explains salvation by grace and the good works for which believers are created.
2:1 And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins;
2:2 Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience:
2:3 Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others.
2:4 But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us,
2:5 Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved;)
2:6 And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus:
2:7 That in the ages to come he might shew the exceeding riches of his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ Jesus.
2:8 For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God:
2:9 Not of works, lest any man should boast.
2:10 For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them.
Apostolic exhortation and confession of Christ 1 selections
Philippians 2:1–18 KJV · In this guide
Context: After the call to stand together in the gospel, Paul appeals to shared life, sets out Christ’s humility and exaltation, and returns to God-enabled obedience.
2:1 If there be therefore any consolation in Christ, if any comfort of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any bowels and mercies,
2:2 Fulfil ye my joy, that ye be likeminded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind.
2:3 Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves.
2:4 Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others.
2:5 Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus:
2:6 Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God:
2:7 But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men:
2:8 And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.
2:9 Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name:
2:10 That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;
2:11 And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
2:12 Wherefore, my beloved, as ye have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.
2:13 For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure.
2:14 Do all things without murmurings and disputings:
2:15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world;
2:16 Holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither laboured in vain.
2:17 Yea, and if I be offered upon the sacrifice and service of your faith, I joy, and rejoice with you all.
2:18 For the same cause also do ye joy, and rejoice with me.
Apostolic doctrinal and practical correction 1 selections
Colossians 2:16–23 KJV · In this guide
Context: Food, calendar, angel-worship and human regulations are assessed through union with Christ and holding to the Head.
2:16 Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days:
2:17 Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ.
2:18 Let no man beguile you of your reward in a voluntary humility and worshipping of angels, intruding into those things which he hath not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind,
2:19 And not holding the Head, from which all the body by joints and bands having nourishment ministered, and knit together, increaseth with the increase of God.
2:20 Wherefore if ye be dead with Christ from the rudiments of the world, why, as though living in the world, are ye subject to ordinances,
2:21 (Touch not; taste not; handle not;
2:22 Which all are to perish with the using;) after the commandments and doctrines of men?
2:23 Which things have indeed a shew of wisdom in will worship, and humility, and neglecting of the body; not in any honour to the satisfying of the flesh.
Instruction to wealthy Christians 1 selections
1 Timothy 6:17–19 KJV · In this guide
Context: After warnings about the desire for riches and the charge to Timothy, a complete instruction addresses those who already have wealth.
6:17 Charge them that are rich in this world, that they be not highminded, nor trust in uncertain riches, but in the living God, who giveth us richly all things to enjoy;
6:18 That they do good, that they be rich in good works, ready to distribute, willing to communicate;
6:19 Laying up in store for themselves a good foundation against the time to come, that they may lay hold on eternal life.
Shared Christian correction and instruction 1 selections
James 4:1–12 KJV · In this guide
Context: Quarrels, disordered prayer, divided loyalty, grace, repentance, and speech under one lawgiver make a connected appeal.
4:1 From whence come wars and fightings among you? come they not hence, even of your lusts that war in your members?
4:2 Ye lust, and have not: ye kill, and desire to have, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war, yet ye have not, because ye ask not.
4:3 Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may consume it upon your lusts.
4:4 Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God.
4:5 Do ye think that the scripture saith in vain, The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy?
4:6 But he giveth more grace. Wherefore he saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble.
4:7 Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
4:8 Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye double minded.
4:9 Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness.
4:10 Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall lift you up.
4:11 Speak not evil one of another, brethren. He that speaketh evil of his brother, and judgeth his brother, speaketh evil of the law, and judgeth the law: but if thou judge the law, thou art not a doer of the law, but a judge.
4:12 There is one lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy: who art thou that judgest another?
Office-specific and shared Christian instruction 1 selections
1 Peter 5:1–11 KJV · In this guide
Context: Elders’ shepherding, younger people’s submission, everyone’s humility, dependence, resistance and hope culminate in praise.
5:1 The elders which are among you I exhort, who am also an elder, and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that shall be revealed:
5:2 Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind;
5:3 Neither as being lords over God’s heritage, but being ensamples to the flock.
5:4 And when the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away.
5:5 Likewise, ye younger, submit yourselves unto the elder. Yea, all of you be subject one to another, and be clothed with humility: for God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble.
5:6 Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you in due time:
5:7 Casting all your care upon him; for he careth for you.
5:8 Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour:
5:9 Whom resist stedfast in the faith, knowing that the same afflictions are accomplished in your brethren that are in the world.
5:10 But the God of all grace, who hath called us unto his eternal glory by Christ Jesus, after that ye have suffered a while, make you perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle you.
5:11 To him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.
Go deeper
Sources & interpretation
The teaching starts with the cited Scripture. These consulted works inform wording, context, and interpretive questions. No qualified human review has been recorded for this guide.
What does Christ’s humbling teach, and what remains unique to him?
Philippians 2:3–5 calls the community to humility; 2:6–8 describes Christ’s divine form, servant form, humanity, and obedient death; 2:9–11 confesses universal lordship. The KJV’s robbery wording and other translations’ grasping/exploitation wording need comparison.
- The KJV can be read as saying that equality with God is no wrongful claim for Christ, yet he takes the servant’s place.
- An influential alternative understands equality already possessed as something he does not use for his own advantage.
- Burk argues that grammar does not require the two expressions to be synonymous and favors equality as something not grasped for.
STRONG for the ethical movement from Christ’s greatness into obedient service and for his unique lordship. The main explanation follows the actions in verses 7–8 and the explicit application in verses 3–5 without claiming the Greek article alone settles verse 6. Emptying is explained through taking servant form; the text does not explicitly say he ceased to be divine. The competing grammatical proposals remain open for specialist review.
Further study: Biblical Studies Press · Troy Troftgruben · Denny Burk
Further examination: How do verses 1–5 and 12–16 govern the use of verses 6–11? Which acts form a disciple’s pattern, and which declarations identify Jesus as the Lord the disciple worships?
How does honoring others fit truthful self-assessment?
Philippians 2:3–4 places regard for others beside attention to their interests. Romans 12:3–8 calls for sober assessment and active use of gifts. First Corinthians 12 corrects both self-exclusion and self-sufficiency. Colossians distinguishes apparent humility from life under Christ.
- Every other person must be judged superior in every ability or moral action.
- Give others precedence and serious concern within truthful recognition of God’s gifts and responsibilities.
- Humility consists merely in a particular feeling about oneself.
STRONG: the second best follows the instructions and analogies together. It retains the demanding call to esteem others rather than reducing it to polite manners. Romans 12:16 may refer to lowly people or humble tasks; the KJV and NET main renderings favor people, and the surrounding mutual-care commands support the article’s application.
Further study: Troy Troftgruben · Biblical Studies Press · Biblical Studies Press
Further examination: What responses does the body analogy rule out for both an apparently weaker member and an apparently stronger one? How does verse 4 explain the practical direction of Philippians 2:3?
How should Jesus’ footwashing command shape service?
John 13:14 expressly says the disciples ought to wash one another’s feet, and 13:15 calls the act an example. Verses 6–11 also make receiving Jesus’ washing necessary to having a part with him. His being Lord is affirmed in 13:13–16.
- The passage institutes a continuing literal practice of footwashing together with its broader obligation of humble service.
- The command’s enduring obligation is chiefly the kind of concrete humble service exemplified in that action.
- The act can be reduced to an illustration with no obligation to do anything.
VERY_STRONG that Jesus commands enacted service and that disciples must first receive from him. The third alternative fails to account for verses 14–17. The main article preserves the literal command and its stated reason. This package does not settle the first two alternatives as a church-practice policy or claim a scholarly survey of footwashing traditions.
Further examination: How do the words ought, example, as, Lord, and do in verses 13–17 determine the response? What would be lost by omitting either the actual washing or the wider servant–Lord reasoning?
What kind of honor and blessing should the humble expect?
Proverbs commends humility before honor; Luke 14 adds a resurrection horizon to the meal teaching. First Peter names both due time and ongoing suffering. Matthew’s blessing includes persecuted disciples. Deuteronomy’s material promises address Israel in its covenant land.
- Humility is a reliable technique for immediate recognition, promotion, or wealth.
- God truly honors humble trust, with his time and final vindication governing expectation; wisdom sayings and Israel’s covenant promises retain their genres and audiences.
STRONG: the second retains both promise and context. The article does not cancel the promised inheritance or exaltation; it connects them to the Lord’s faithfulness rather than a self-chosen timetable. NET’s preferred connection of casting cares to humbling is persuasive, but the admitted coordinate-command alternative does not change their shared call to dependence.
Further study: Jeannine K. Brown · Biblical Studies Press
Further examination: Why does Jesus move from seats to guests unable to repay, and why does Peter join humility to resistance and suffering? How do those details guide the hope a reader should receive?
How can humility receive correction and still exercise responsibility?
David receives a reasoned rebuke; Galatians commands restoration with self-examination; Ephesians joins patient unity and truth; Peter gives elders a real shepherding duty while calling all to humility. James places the community under one lawgiver.
- Humility requires treating every criticism or demand as right.
- Humility requires truthful teachability, accountable service, and gentle correction within one’s actual responsibility.
- A person exercising authority is exempt from correction.
STRONG: the second accounts for all these instructions. The guide keeps offices distinct from shared duties and treats God’s truth as the standard. It does not make every narrative action by Abigail a universal command or interpret humility as surrendering moral judgment.
Further study: Margaret Aymer · Biblical Studies Press
Further examination: What reasons does Abigail offer, what does David acknowledge, and what changes? How do the duties to hear, restore, teach truth, and shepherd explain the active character of humility?
- Commentary on Micah 6:1–8
Terence E. Fretheim · Working Preacher / Luther Seminary · 2020-02-02
Connects remembered deliverance with the response God requires; understands humble walking as attentive life with God.
What was reviewed
Complete commentary body, beginning “The historical situation…” through the comparison with the love commandments; publication note identifying the 2014 original. Accessed 2026-09-25.
His rejection of a lawsuit designation and reconstruction of the people’s complaint are not treated as textual certainties. The cited Joshua 5:19 locator is erroneous; this guide does not reuse it.
- NET Bible: Micah 6:8, notes 1–5
Biblical Studies Press · NET Bible
Offers humility or careful walking for the final phrase and connects the reply to the worshiper’s question.
What was reviewed
Displayed verse and all five translator/study notes. Accessed 2026-09-25 · Read in part.
Short translation notes; no independently inspected lexicon or settled lexical consensus is claimed.
- Commentary on Luke 18:9–14
Meda Stamper · Working Preacher / Luther Seminary · 2013-10-27
Traces the relation of self-trust, contempt, prayer, and being justified by God.
What was reviewed
Complete commentary body, introductory comparison with the preceding parable through the final paragraph. Accessed 2026-09-25.
Her broader characterizations of Pharisees and closing universal language are not premises of the guide. No stereotype of Judaism or invented modern illustration is imported.
- Commentary on James 3:13—4:3, 7–8a
Margaret Aymer · Working Preacher / Luther Seminary · 2018-09-23
Keeps communal rivalry, wisdom, divided loyalty, and repentance in one argument.
What was reviewed
Complete commentary body, including the discussion of omitted James 4:4 and the final call to repentance. Accessed 2026-09-25.
The guide does not restrict the duties to leaders, adopt the tentative pagan-world setting, or make the proposed creation-tree connection part of its reasoning.
- Commentary on Philippians 2:1–13
Troy Troftgruben · Working Preacher / Luther Seminary · 2017-10-01
Reads regard for others within shared life and Christ’s obedient service, with God’s continuing work in believers.
What was reviewed
Complete body: opening; “The appeal: unity and humility”; “True humility”; “The way of Jesus”; and concluding comparison, plus note 1. Accessed 2026-09-25.
Hellerman’s book is cited there but was not read here. Broad ancient-culture claims and the categorical phrase that the passage has nothing to do with salvation are not adopted.
- NET Bible: Philippians 2:1–11, translator and study notes
Biblical Studies Press · NET Bible, displayed by Bible Gateway · 1996–2017 copyright notice
Clarifies others’ interests, offers two construals of 2:5, and translates emptying through taking servant form.
What was reviewed
Displayed translation and all footnotes a–n, especially notes on 2:3–7; classic NET 2:6 notes 1–2 also read. Accessed 2026-09-25 · Read in part.
The detailed sin-nature reasoning in the 2:7 notes is not reproduced. O’Brien, grammars, lexical works and manuscripts cited by these notes were not independently inspected.
- On the Articular Infinitive in Philippians 2:6: A Grammatical Note with Christological Implications
Denny Burk · Tyndale Bulletin 55.2, pp. 253–274; DOI 10.53751/001c.29176 · 2004
Argues that the article does not establish semantic identity between form of God and equality with God; renders equality as something Christ did not grasp for.
What was reviewed
PDF printed pp. 253–257 and 268–274, including introduction, alternative proposal, later grammatical examples, and conclusion. Intervening pp. 258–267 were not fully inspected. Accessed 2026-09-25 · Read in part.
Partial reading; his wider syntactic survey was not independently replicated. Wright, Hoover, and others discussed by Burk were not read directly.
- Commentary on Luke 14:1, 7–14
Jeannine K. Brown · Working Preacher / Luther Seminary · 2010-08-29
Distinguishes instruction to guests from the host’s responsibility and connects nonreciprocal welcome to resurrection reward.
What was reviewed
Complete commentary body from the seating/status introduction through the final paragraph on welcome and the banquet. Accessed 2026-09-25.
The main guide reasons from Luke’s scene; broad cultural generalizations and Sirach are not independently established evidence here.
- NET Bible: Romans 12:16, notes a–b
Biblical Studies Press · NET Bible, displayed by Bible Gateway · 1996–2017 copyright notice
Records the alternatives of association with lowly people and willingness for menial tasks.
What was reviewed
Verse and both displayed footnotes. Accessed 2026-09-25 · Read in part.
The grammar permits the stated alternatives; the guide does not claim that this brief note settles them.
- NET Bible: 1 Peter 5:5–11, translator and study notes
Biblical Studies Press · NET Bible, displayed by Bible Gateway · 1996–2017 copyright notice
Relates casting cares to humble dependence, while reporting alternative grammatical construals.
What was reviewed
Displayed passage and footnotes a–q; close attention to a–f on elders, humility, due time, and casting cares. Accessed 2026-09-25 · Read in part.
Wallace’s grammar and manuscript witnesses were not independently read. The identification of all nonleaders as the younger is not assumed by the guide.
